Can you answer my question?

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7. Explain why three trends can be discerned in the reshaping of civil society.

First, just as there is a de- nationalization of statehood, civil society is being 'denationalized'. This is reflected in the growth of a post-national cosmopolitanism, 'tribalism' (i.e. the rediscovery or invention of primordial, affectual identities at the expense both of liberal individualism and of civic loyalty to an 'imagined' national community) and the growth of diverse social move- ments which operate across national boundaries. Second, due partly to the crisis of the Keynesian welfare national state, partly to market-driven and/or state-sponsored commodification of 'civil society', and partly to the rise of new forms of public-private governance arrangements,10 several changes have occurred in the principles and practices of civil society considered as a (residual) social sphere. These include: rejection of the Atlantic Fordist commitment to class-based egalitarianism (and its associated redistributive politics); increased concern with empower- ment (in the sense of ensuring lifetime access to the benefits of different institutional orders);11 a resulting politicization of a wide range of insti- tutional orders; growth in identity politics and the politics of difference (with their emphases on respect, authenticity and autonomy); and the expansion of the so-called 'third' sector (which operates beyond pure markets and the bureaucratic state). And, third, and least certainly, while national citizenship is still important in many established national states, there is an emergent (albeit still weak) emphasis on (transnational) human rights which can be invoked even where an individual is not a citizen in a given state and/or that state resists such enforcement by external agencies. The problem with this last trend, it need hardly be said, is that it is still national states which are mainly responsible for enforcing human rights and, in many cases, for infringing them.