Can you explain how the expert got these answers?

c. Which of the two comparative measures is more meaningful in this instance and why? Odds ratio is better because it can be generalized to the population despite the case control sampling that has the same number of autistic cases as controls. 4. Download from the "Other material" folder in Blackboard the populations all cities and towns in Massachusetts. Make a simple frequency distribution of the first {left-hand} digit ofthe populations. Include percentages, cumulative frequencies. and cumulative percentages. What pattern do you see in the frequency distribution? Does it look like all digits are equally likely? If not, think about why that might be? First Digit f % cf c% 1 128 36.7% 126 36.7% 2 44 12.6% 172 49.3% 3 39 11.2% 211 60.5% 4 31 8.9% 242 69.3% 5 25 7.2% 267 76.5% 6 24 6.9% 291 83.4% 7 20 5.7% 311 89.1% 8 21 6.0% 332 95.1% 9 17 4.9% 349 100.0% 349 100% The digits are not equally likely [as some might assume]. Ones are most likely, followed by twos. Then the likelihood of the successive digits continue to decrease with nines being the least likely. This is an instance of the Benford's Law