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1. [8 points] Write down an explanation, based on a scientific theory, of what lightning is. Explain why it is scientific. Then, write a non-scientific explanation of the same phenomenon, and explain why it is non-scientific. Then, write a pseudoscientific explanation of the same phenomenon, and explain why it is pseudoscientific. 2. [24 points] In each of following (a) through (f), use all of the listed words in any order in one sentence that makes scientific sense. You may use other words, including conjunctions; however, simple lists of definitions will not receive credit. Underline each of those words where they appear. You will be assessed on the sentence's grammatical correctness and scientific accuracy. (a) Popper, theory, falsification, science, prediction, [name of a planet ] (b) vibration, pitch, music, stapes, power, [name of a singer] (c) harmonic, pendulum, frequency, spring, energy, [name of a neighbor] (d) voltage, coulomb, amp, charge, potential, [name of a celebrity ] (e) joule, calorie, absorption, heat, Kelvin, [name of a food] (f) light, wavelength, vision, lens, refraction, [any color other than black or white] 3. [36 points ] In questions (a) through (d) show all your calculations and units as applicable. You will be assessed both on your answers and your explanations of how you got them. (a) What is the frequency of a light wave that has a wavelength of W nanometers? (b) How many joules of heat are required to change X grams of solid ice with a temperature of 260 Kelvin into that many grams of liquid water with a temperature of 300 Kelvin? [For this question, you may use 273 Kelvin as the melting point of ice.] (c) If a spring attached to a mass of Y kilograms is oscillating with simple harmonic motion with a period of 1.4 seconds, then what is its spring constant? (d) If a battery contains 2700 milliAmp-hours (mAh) of charge, how much total energy can it(d) If a battery contains 2700 milliArhp-hours (mAh) of charge, how much total energy can it deliver while operating an electrical device at Z volts? 4. [32 points] In each question (a) through (d), write a question appropriate for this exam and then give an answer about 15-30 words long. Questions that can answered by looking up information simply from a book, website, or other source will not receive credit. You will be assessed both on the question's quality and the answer's correctness. (a) A question about the electrical action potential of the human nervous system. (b) A question about the use of electromagnetic waves in medicine. (c) A question about the physics of your eyesight. (d) A question about any topic covered in Lectures 13-24 that has not been directly addressed in any other question on this exam. MacBook Air