Can you please explain to me how did they get all of these calculation like the Present Value of Annual Costs, Benefits derived from operation new, and Present Value of Annual Benefits from?

8 Net Present Value Analysis for Client-Server System Alternative Numbers rounded to nearest $1 Total 4 Cash flow description Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4Year 5 Year 6 Development cost: ($418040 Operation & maintenance cost: Discount factors for 12%; Present value of annual costs: Total present value of lifetime costs: 15,04 1.000 0.893 0.712 0.567 7 0.797 0636 0.507 418,04 13,43 $12,752) | ($12,104) | ($11.448 $10773)($10,140 Benefits derived from operation of new 12 Discount factors for 12%; Present value of annual benefits: Total present value of lifetime benefits $0$150,000$170,000 $190,000 $210,000 $230,000 $250,000 $0.507 1.000$0.893 0.712 0.636 0.797 $0.567 13 $0$133,950$135,490 $135,280 $133,560$130,410 $126,750 $795,440 15 NET PRESENT VALUE OF THIS ALTERNATIVE: $306,748 16 17