can you please help me with these questions

We've discussed two ways of making light: incandescence and luminescence. a) Describe how light is made from incandescence. Is this best described using a wave model of light or aphoton model of light? What determines the color of incandescent light? Explain your reasoning. b) Describe how light is made from luminescence. Is this best described using a wave model oflight or a photon model of light? What determines the color of luminescent light? Explain your reasoning. A monatomie gas, originally in the ground state, is E (eV illuminated with visible light of wavelength 400 nm. The gas is 0 Ionized Atom observed to absorb some of the light and subsequently to emit visible light at both 400 nm and 600 nm. a) b) Complete the energy level diagram at right, such that it is consistent with the observations above. Indicate and label the energy levels of the relevant excited states and the _2 observed absorption and emissions. Show your work and explain your reasoning. Note: There are two possible answers to this question! -3 5 Ground state What other wavelength photon must be emitted by these excited atoms? Why was it not observed initially? Explain your reasoning. Draw the second energy level diagram consistent with the observed spectra - not the diagram you drew in part a. Explain why this diagram is also consistent with the observed emission spectrum, and if there is any way to tell these two atoms apart based on spectroscopy (not based on any chemical reactions) Him: Un-excited atoms always start in their ground state. A helium ion (H 8+) is hydrogenic \"hydrogen-like\" in that it has a single electron orbiting a nucleus. In this case, the nucleus has a larger charge Z = 2. a) Are the orbital radii of ionized helium larger than, smaller than, or the same as the orbital radii of hydrogen? If the radii differ, by what factor? Explain your reasoning. b) Complete the energy level diagram at right for ionized eV W" helium by indicating the principle quantum numbers (n) and the energy f values (En) for the states shown. Show your work and explain your ' eV reasoning. CV eV eV eV eV C) What is the lowest energy photon that can be absorbed by a helium ion (in its ground state), what color is this photon? Show your work and explain your reasoning, indicating the relevant transition on the diagram. 5. Reflective coatings on eyeglasses (or camera lenses) are meant to reduce glare. These Observer coatings are thin films that have a different refractive index from the glass lens. The diagram at right shows an enlarged version of this thin film and an incident ray of light hitting the film. An observer, who can see the reflected rays, is also shown. air (n= 1) a) [2 points] Use the concept of interference to clearly explain why this thin film can reduce film (n=1.4) glare (reflected light) for the observer. As part glass (n=1.5) of your explanation, draw two rays to the diagram that show how light is reflected off the film, and write expressions for the path length difference based on both the geometry (AD,) and the kind of interference (ADint) for these two rays. b) Say that this film reduces glare for green light of Ic = 550 nm. What is the minimum thickness of this film? Show your work and explain your reasoning. C) Say that you use a different film material with a smaller refractive index but the same thickness you found in part b). Would this anti-reflective coating reduce glare for green light (as the original film), redder light, or bluer light? Explain your reasoning