Canandaigua Container Company manufactures recyclable soft-drink cans. A unit of production is a case of 12 dozen cans. The following standards have been set by the production-engineering staff and the controller.

Direct labor	Direct labor
Quantity, 0.22 hour	Quantity, 3 kilograms
Rate, $11.00 per hour	Price, $0.54 per kilogram

Actual material purchases amounted to 156,400 kilograms at $0.610 per kilogram. Actual costs incurred in the production of 34,000 units were as follows:

Direct labor	$93,024 for 8,160 hours
Direct material	$70,516 for 115,600 kilograms

Required: 1. Use the variance formulas to compute the direct-material price and quantity variances, the direct-material purchase price variance, and the direct-labor rate and efficiency variances. Indicate whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "Favorable" or "Unfavorable". Select "None" and enter "0" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Do not round intermediate calculations.)

	$$$$	Favorable or unfavorable
Direct material price variance	???	?
Direct material quantity variance	???	?
Direct material purchase price variance	???	?
Direct labor rate variance	???	?
Direct labor efficiency variance	???	?