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CANCER NEWS, FOOD NEWS Every bite of junk food increases the risk of dying from cancer JANUARY 31, 2023 Researchers used UK Biobank records

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CANCER NEWS, FOOD NEWS Every bite of junk food increases the risk of dying from cancer JANUARY 31, 2023 Researchers used UK Biobank records to gather their data. They studied the diets of 200,000 middle-aged adults, monitoring their health over 10 years and looking at each person's risk of developing any cancer overall, as well as the specific risk of developing 34 different types of cancer. The study reveals that the higher consumption of ultra-processed foods displays a connection to a greater risk of developing cancer overall, while putting people more at risk specifically of ovarian and brain cancers. a) Based on the title of the article, classify this study's hypothesis: a. Is the title a frequency, association, or causal claim? How do you know? b. What would be the null hypothesis for this study? c. What is a different alternative hypothesis that could be made for this study? b) Classify the study's variables: Variable name Is this an IV or a DV? (if it's a correlational study, put "a variable") Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 (if applicable) Was this variable manipulated or measured? For IVs only: Was this manipulated as independent groups or within-groups? c) Is the article title an appropriate representation of the study design? Why or why not?

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