Cardinal change is a change in the scope of work or the requirements of the project. It is a change that affects the fundamental nature of the project and requires a significant change in the project plan. Cardinal changes are often identified by a change in the scope of work, the budget, or the schedule. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including changes in the client's needs, changes in the project environment, or changes in the project team. The risks associated with an owner's representative who authorizes a cardinal change include