Carla Vista Co. has had 4 years of record earnings. Due to this success, the market price of its 470,000 shares of $4 par value common stock has increased from $15 per share to $54. During this period, paid-in capital remained the same at $5,640,000. Retained earnings increased from $4,230,000 to $28,200,000. CEO Don Ames is considering either (1) a 15% stock dividend or (2) a 2-for-1 stock split. He asks you to show the before-and-after effects of each option on (a) retained earnings, (b) total stockholders' equity, and (c) par value per share.