Carla Vista Enterprises Ltd$.$ follows IFRS and has provided the following information:

In $2022,$ Carla Vista was sued in a patent infringement suit, and in $2023,$ Carla Vista lost the court case. Carla Vista must now

pay a competitor $$50,000$ to settle the suit. No previous entries had been recorded in the books related to this case because

Carla Vista's management believed the company would win.

A review of the company's provision for uncollectible accounts during $2023$ resulted in a determination that $1\mathrm{.}5\%$ of sales is

the appropriate amount of loss on impairment to be charged to operations, rather than the $2\%$ used for the preceding two

years. Loss on impairment recognized in $2022$ and $2021$ was $$33,200$ and $$16,300,$ respectively. The company would have

recorded $$18,000$ of loss on impairment under the old rate for $2023.$ No entry has yet been made in $2023$ for loss on

impairment.

Carla Vista acquired land on January $1,2020,$ at a cost of $$76,080.$ The land was charged to the Equipment account in error

and has been depreciated since then on the basis of a five$-$year life with no residual value, using the straight$-$line method.

Carla Vista has already recorded the related $2023$ depreciation expense using the straight$-$line method.

During $2023,$ the company changed from the double$-$declining$-$balance method of depreciation for its building to the straight$-$

line method because of a change in the pattern of benefits received. The building cost $$1,560,000$ to build in early $2021,$ and

no residual value is expected after its $40-$year life. Total depreciation under both methods for the past three years is as

follows. Double$-$declining$-$balance depreciation has been recorded for $2023.$

Late in $2023,$ Carla Vista determined that a piece of specialized equipment purchased in January $2020$ at a cost of $$77,000$

with an estimated useful life of five years and residual value of $$5,400$ is now expected to continue in use until the end of

$2027$ and have a residual value of $$3,400$ at that time. The company has been using straight$-$line depreciation for this

equipment, and depreciation for $2023$ has already been recognized based on the original estimates.

The company has determined that a $$475,000$ note payable that it issued in $2021$ has been incorrectly classified on its

statement of financial position. The note is payable in annual instalments of $$50,000,$ but the full amount of the note has been

shown as a long$-$term liability with no portion shown in current liabilities. Interest expense relating to the note has been

properly recorded.

$($a$1)$

For each of the accounting changes, errors, or transactions, present the journal entries that Carla Vista needs to make to correct

or adjust the accounts, assuming the accounts for $2023$ have not yet been closed. I gnore income tax considerations. $($List all debit

entries before credit entries. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no

entry is required, select $"$No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.$)$