CASE 1: SEGMENT REPORTING

In its annual financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2020, Syarikat Pengangkutan Rangkaian Mesra Bhd. (SPRM), a public listed company, had identified the following operating segments:

Segment 1 local train operations

Segment 2 inter-city train operations

Segment 3 railway constructions

The company disclosed two reportable segments. Segments 1 and 2 were aggregated into a single reportable operating segment. Operating segments 1 and 2 have been aggregated on the basis of their similar business characteristics, and the nature of their products and services. In the local train market, it is the local transport authority which awards the contract and pays SPRM for its services. Contracts are awarded following a competitive tender process, and the ticket prices paid by passengers are set by and paid to the transport authority. In the inter-city train market, ticket prices are set by SPRM and the passengers pay SPRM for the service provided.

Required:

a) A central issue in reporting on operating segments of a business enterprise is the determination of which segments are reportable.

Instructions

(i) What are the tests to determine whether or not an operating segment is reportable?

(ii) What is the test to determine if enough operating segments have been separately reported upon, and what is the guideline on the maximum number of operating segments to be shown?

b) Advise SPRM on how the above accounting issue should be dealt with in its financial statements for the years ending 31 March 2020.

CASE 2: RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

According to its website, Tradewinds (M) Bhd. ("Tradewinds") is an investment holding company with core businesses in oil palm and sugar. Its authorized capital is RM500 million, and paid-up capital is RM296.5 million. According to its 2008 Annual Report, its trade receivables as at 31 December 2008 was RM323.2 million, and 65% thereof (RM209.9 million) were due from its related parties. A big portion of it (RM193.9 million or 60%) arose from its transactions with Bukhary Sdn. Bhd. ("Bukhary"). This was an increase from the previous year where its total trade receivables was RM315.1 million, of which RM176.7 million (56%) were due from its related parties. Bukhary's debts then amounted to RM167.8 million (53%). The increase was notwithstanding the increase in the normal credit term from 60 days to 90 days. Further, the interest for late payment was reduced from 18% in 2007 to 6.5% in 2008.

It is observed that the trade receivables from Bukhary arose from the sale of refined sugar from Gula Padang Terap Sdn. Bhd. ("GPT") which is a subsidiary of Tradewinds. For the financial year 2008, the aggregate value of the sale was RM165 million. It would be interesting to find out what is the total sale of GPT and the credit terms given to other purchasers, for Para 10.09(2) of the Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements demand that the recurrent related party transactions must be "in the ordinary course of business and are on terms not more favourable to the related party than those generally available to the public". The 2008 Annual Report also revealed that among the interested directors or shareholders in this recurrent related party transaction were Syed Azmin Syed Nor ("Syed Azmin"), who was also a member of the Audit Committee ("AC"). Syed Azmin was said to be a non-independent non- executive director because he is the brother of Syed Mokhtar who held an indirect major shareholding in Tradewinds. One of the functions of the AC is to review the related party transactions and conflict of interests situation. The issue is how independent is the AC where one of its members has already declared his interest in Bukhary which is a substantial debtor of the group. Further, the following observations which also raise questions on the independence of the AC are made.

The members of the AC were somewhat "connected". The Chairman of the Committee, Ooi Teik Huat ("Ooi"), was also a director of MMC Corporation, DRB-Hicom Bhd., EON Bhd., Tradewinds Plantations Bhd. and Johor Port Bhd. These companies share a common substantial shareholder in Syed Mokhtar who is the brother of Syed Azmin. The other member of the AC was Khalid bin Sufat ("Khalid"), an independent non-executive director who was also appointed a director of a company known as Amtek Holdings Bhd. Syed Azmin was also a director of this company. It is also observed that Ooi and Khalid were appointed on 1 April 2009, upon the resignation of two directors who were also members of the AC. The reasons for their resignation from the board and AC were not revealed.

However, despite the mounting debts and the issue whether the deal with Bukhary was an arm's length transaction, the shareholders of Tradewinds had at the company's annual general meeting on 17 June 2009, renewed its mandate for recurrent related party transactions with Bukhary for an estimated value of RM300 million from 17 June 2009 to 16 June 2010.

Source: Adapted from IABR & ITLC Conference Proceedings, 2010.

Required:

a) Determine the related parties, related party transactions and the reporting company in the above case.

b) Explain how the related party transactions above affect shareholders' interest.

c) Discuss how the audit committee neutrality can be affected by the appointment of family members in it.