Case 12-34 (Algo) Understanding the effects of operating leverage LO 12-12 HighTech Incorporated and OldTime Company compete within the same industry and had the following operating results in 2022 : Required: a. Calculate the breakeven point for each firm in terms of revenue. b. What observations can you draw by examining the breakeven point of each firm given that they earned an equal amount of operating income on identical sales volumes in 2022 ? c. Calculate the amount of operating income (or loss) that you would expect each firm to report in 2023 if sales were to 1. Increase by 20%. 2. Decrease by 20%. d. Using the amounts computed in requirement c, calculate the increase or decrease in the amount of operating income expected in 2023 from the amount reported in 2022. e. Explain why an equal percentage increase (or decrease) in sales for each firm would have such differing effects on operating income. f. Calculate the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for each firm in 2022. (Hint: Divide contribution margin by operating income.) g. Multiply the expected increase in sales of 20% for 2023 by the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for 2022 computec in requirement f for each firm. (Hint: Multiply your answer in requirement (f) by 0.2.) h. Multiply your answer in requirement g by the operating income of $500,000 reported in 2022 for each firm. i. Compare your answer in requirement h with your answer in requirement d. What conclusions can you draw about the effects of operating leverage from the steps you performed in requirements f,g, and h ? Calculate the breakeven point for each firm in terms of revenue. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Calculate the amount of operating income (or loss) that you would expect each firm to report in 2023 if sales were to increase by 20%. Note: Losses should be indicated by minus sign. Calculate the amount of operating income (or loss) that you would expect each firm to report in 2023 if sales were to decrease by 20%. Note: Losses should be indicated by minus sign. Using the amounts computed in requirement c, calculate the increase or decrease in the amount of operating income expected in 2023 from the amount reported in 2022. Calculate the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for each firm in 2022. (Hint: Divide contribution margin by operating income.) Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. Multiply the expected increase in sales of 20% for 2023 by the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for 2022 computed in requirement f for each firm. (Hint: Multiply your answer in requirement (f) by 0.2 .) Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. Multiply your answer in requirement g by the operating income of $500,000 reported in 2022 for each firm. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations