Case study 1: AVIATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Most of us will have benefited from cheap air travel whether for holiday travel or business trip. Flights from Europe to the USA are frequently on offer for under $500 and from Europe to the Far East and Australian often at little over $600 Few would have been left wondering on the one hand, how some airline companies can offer flight so cheaply, on the other, perhaps tinged with guilt, how this activity contributes to global warming. Indeed, whilst the EU total GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions fell 3% between 1990 and 2006, emissions from international aviation increased by almost 100% It may be surprising to lean that it was only in 2009 that aviation was included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), before that it was excluded on the basis that the scheme focused on national boundaries and aviation was thought to be outside its scope Please answer the following questions: 1. Who are responsible for a significant increase of emissions from international aviation? 2. How can an ETS lead to reduce overall emissions? 3. Is it possible to have a sustainable airline industry at the present scale