CASE twelve Quality in Pediatric Subspecialty Care, Efforts were underway by all medical specialties to address the need for greater QI knowledge, including making available QI modules and participation in a substantial number of Ol collaboratives across a number of specialties. But perhaps the most tangible evidence of progress toward this goal is provided by the American Board of Pediatrics: the first year that pediatricians had to complete a QI effort for the maintenance of certification 1.What should be the role of professional societies and certifying entities in promoting the concepts of evidence-based medicine and Continuous Quality Improvement? 2.What role have professional societies played in promoting Continuous Quality Improvement