Certain types of dinosaurs were bipedal (walked on two legs). What is a good reason that these creatures invariably had long tails if they had long necks?

The tremendous diversity of dinosaur species is a testament to their awe-inspiring nature. The question addresses the origin of the long tails and necks of bipedal dinosaurs. Consistency and a stable mass center are essential for life. If the mass is lowered to the ground, the center of gravity will be towards the bottom, where it can best lend stability. The bodies of bipedal dinosaurs with long necks and tails are typically segmented into the head and neck, the body, and the tail. As a result of the length of their necks, their centers of gravity will be situated much higher than usual. Having a long tail and a long neck like this helps them maintain a sense of balance and proportion.

A dinosaur with a long tail and long neck is almost similar to our see saw problem. If one end is heavier and not proportionate with the other, it will lean one way or another.

When looking at why the forces in our joints are several times larger than the forces we exert on the outside world with our limbs. We have to look at if joint forces can be even greater than muscle forces. In limbs we need the muscle force to be greater, because of the distance between the muscle and the joint. When looking at the length and size of a limb, the distance between muscle or tendon and the bone joint is very small. Therefore the greater force of the muscle comes in to create a small force throughout the large distance, which balances out the net torque. When looking at the muscle being attached to the bones with tendons very close to the joints. It causes the system to have mechanical advantages much less than one. The net torque is enforced from various muscles and the joint within the limb. The sum of the individual torques crethe net torque. When looking at an arm holding a book, there is the bicep muscle, tricep muscle, elbow joint, forearm, and book creating individual forces. In this example the bicep exerts force and supports the weight of the forearm and the book. The tricep also is assumed to be relaxed, but can act as a stabilization force. The pivot would be at the elbow joint in this example. There is a simple formula to find the unknown force on the bicep muscle. This is calculated by taking the individual torques (forces) and dividing it by the force of the book with sin 0=1 for all forces since 0=90 degrees.

Please share your thoughts on these two paragraphs. Can you please make two different responses for both.