ch.9 Accounting/Informational Systems

1. The database approach to data management is sometimes called the flat file approach 2. The database management system provides a controlled environment for accersing the database. 3. To the user, data processing procedures for routine transactions, such as entering sales orders, appear to be identical in the database environment and in the traditional ervironment. 4. An important feature associated with the traditional approach to data management is the ability to produce ad hoc reports. 5. The data definition language is used to insert special database commands into application programs. 6. There is more than one conceptual view of the database. 7. In the database method of data management, access authority is maintained by systems programming. 8. The physical database is an abstract representation of the database. 9. A customer name and an unpaid balance is an example of a one-to-many relationship. 10. In the relational model, a data element is called a relation. 11. The normalization process involves identifying and removing structural dependencies from the tables being modeled. 12. Under the database approach, data is viewed as proprietary or owned by users. 13. The data dictionary describes all of the data elements in the database. 14. A join builds a new table by creating links. 15. The deletion anomaly is the least important of the problems affecting unnormalized databases. 16. A deadlock is a phenomenon that prevents the processing of transactions. 17. Timestamping is a control that is used to ensure database partitioning. 18. A lockout is a software control that prevents multiple users from simultaneous access to data. 19. Task-data dependency is directly related to data redundancy. 20. An entity is any physical thing about which the organization wishes to capture data. 21. An ER diagram is a graphical representation of a data model. 21. An ER diagram is a graphical representation of a data model. 22. The term occurrence is used to describe the number of attributes or fields pertaining to a specific entity. 23. Cardinality describes the number of possible occurrences in one table that are associated with a single occurrence in a related table. 24. Foreign keys physically connect logically related tables to achieve the associates described in the data model. 25. Improperly normalized databases are associated with three types of anomalies: the update anomaly, the insertion anomaly, and the deletion anomaly