1. [Chapter 1] After reading theUnited 173 mini caseDownload United 173 mini case(click here or see the below attachment to read the case), what are the main reasons that the cockpit crew allowed the aircraft to run out of fuel? (answer based on the unit of analysis - individual, group, and organizational levels)
2. [Chapter 1] (Following from the first question) What should be changed? What would you suggest to avoid future repeats of this accident? (answer based on the unit of analysis - individual, group, and organizational level)
3. [Chapter 2] Does your job require a significant amount of citizenship behavior? If so, please describe it with specific example behaviors.
4. [Chapter 2] What type of counterproductive behaviors can be found in your job? Please describe with specific example behaviors.
5. [Chapter 3] Please describe your commitment to your current (or previous) organizationbased on three types of commitment.

MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT UNITED AIRLINES, INC. PORTLAND, OREGON December 28, 1978 SYNOPSIS About 1815 Pacific Standard Time on December 28, United Airlines, Inc. Flight 173 crashed into a wooded, populated area of suburban Portland, Oregon during an approach to the Portland International Airport. The aircraft had been delayed southeast of the airport at a low altitude for about 1 hour while the flight crew coped with a landing gear malfunction and prepared the passengers for a possible emergency landing. The plane crashed about 6 minutes southeast of the airport. The aircraft was destroyed; there was no fire. Of the 181 passengers and 8 crewmembers aboard, 8 passengers, the flight engineer, and a flight attendant were killed and 21 passengers and 2 crewmembers were injured seriously. These are the facts of the case. The plane crashed due to lack of fuel. What follows is an excerpt of the transcript from the black box recording of the cockpit crew. The transcript begins approximately 15 minutes prior to the crash. The crew is comprised of: Buddy: Captain Rod: First Officer Frosty: Flight Engineer Others: Flight attendant, air traffic control tower As you read the transcript, keep the following question in mind that you need to answer for the Module 1 Weekly memo. What are the main reasons the cockpit crew allowed the plane to run out of fuel? TRANSCRIPT 1755:51 Frosty: Wind is three forty at eight. Buddy: Okay. You want to be sure the flight bags and all that stuff is stowed and fastened. Why don't you put all your books in your bag over there, Rod? 1756:53 Rod: How much fuel you got now? Frosty: Four, four thousand in each (engine)...pounds. Rod: Okay. 1757:21 Buddy: You might... you might just take a walk back through the cabin and kinda see how things are going, okay? I don't want to, I don't want to hurry 'em but I'd like to do it (land) in another oh, ten minutes or so. Page 1 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case Frosty: Yeah, I'll see if it's, ---get us ready. 1758:18 Rod: If we do indeed have to evacuate, assuming that none of us are incapacitated, you're going to take care of the shutdown, right? 1758:28 Rod: Parking brakes, spoilers and flaps, fuel shut off levels, fire handles, battery switch and all that. 1758:38 Buddy: You just haul ass back there and do whatever needs doing. I think that Jones is a pretty level-headed gal. 1758:45 Rod: Pardon? Buddy: I think that "A" Stew is a pretty level-headed gal, and sounds like she knows what she's doing, and... 1800:15 Rod: We're not gonna have antiskid protection, either. 1800:24 Buddy: Well, I think the antiskid is working, it's just the lights that ain't working. 1800:33 Rod: That light go off when you push the circuit breaker in? Buddy: Yeah. Rod: Oh, it did? Buddy: Yeah. I won't use much braking, we'll just let it roll out easy. 1800:50 Rod: You plan to land as slow as you can with the power on? Buddy: Ah, I think I'll try and hold the nose wheel off, I'm, I'm tempted to turn off the automatic spoilers to keep it from pitching down, but let's try and catch it. 1801:12 Tower: United one seventy three heavy turn left heading one niner five. 1801:15 Cockpit: Left one niner five one seven three heavy (At this point, the plane is circling away from the airport, and has been circling for an hour). 1801:34 Frosty: You've got another two or three minutes of fuel. Buddy: Okay. How are the people? 1801:39 Frosty: Well, they're pretty calm and cool. Ah, some of 'em are obviously nervous, but for the most part they're taking it in stride. They, ah, I stopped and reassured a couple of them, they seemed more anxious than some of the others. 1802:08 Buddy: Okay, well about two minutes before landing that will be about four miles out, just pick up the mike, the PA and say assume the brace position. Frosty: Okay. 1802:22 Frosty: We got about three minutes on the fuel (and that's it). Page 2 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case 1802:28 Buddy: Okay, on the touch down if the gear folds, or something really jumps the track, get those boost pumps off so that... you might even get the valves open. 1802:44 Tower: United one seventy three heavy did you figure anything out yet about how much longer? 1802:49 Rod: Yeah, we, ah, have indication our gear is abnormal. It'll be our intention in about five minutes to land on two eight left, we would like the equipment standing by, our indications are the gear is down locked, we've got our people prepared for an evacuation in the event that should become necessary. 1803: 14 Tower: Seventy three heavy, okay, advise when you'd like to begin your approach. 1803:17 Buddy: Very well, they've about finished in the cabin...I'd guess about another three, four, five minutes. 1804:04 Buddy: There's one check that we missed. Rod: What? Buddy: Checking the gear warning horn. (At this point, they all say "Right") 1804:44 Buddy: How do we do that? Rod: What we gotta do is get us past flaps thirty five. Buddy: Thirty five, what happens when you close the throttles, any idea? Rod: You can do that too. 1804:59 Buddy: Yeah. 1805:08 Rod: But we can't tell with that circuit breaker out, I guess. Frosty: Yeah. Buddy: Push the breaker momentarily. Ready? Frosty: Yeah. 1805:26 Frosty: Okay, pull the breaker? Buddy: Yeah. Frosty: Okay, now we won't have the spoiler pump, automatic spoilers. 1805:39 Buddy: Yes we will. Frosty: The antiskid? Page 3 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case Buddy: Well, wait a minute, I think the system's totally normal. Indications are what they are because the circuit breakers popped. (At this point, they all say "Right" or "Yeah") 1806:13 Tower: United one seven three heavy turn left heading zero five zero. 1806:21 Rod: Left to zero five zero, United one seventy three heavy. (Note: Again, turning away from the airport). 1806:19 (Sound of cabin door opening) Buddy: How you doing? Flight attendant: Well, I think we're ready. Buddy: Okay. Flight attendant: We've reseated, they've assigned helpers and showed people how to open exits and ah, we have, they've told me they've got able bodied men by the windows. 1806:34 Buddy: Okay, we're going to go in now, we should be landing in about five minutes. Frosty: I think you just lost engine number four, Buddy, you... (interrupted by f.a.) Flight attendant: Okay, I'll make the five minute announce-, announcement, I'll go, I'm sitting down now Rod: Better get some crossfeeds open there or something. (Note: Crossfeeds are basically the connections between engines - by opening them, there is a chance to keep other engines from failing by funneling fuel between them). Frosty: Okay. 1806:46 Rod: We're going to lose an engine, Buddy. Buddy: Why? 1806:49 Rod: We're losing an engine. Buddy: Why? 1806:52 Rod: Fuel. Open the crossfeeds, man. Buddy: Open the crossfeeds there or something. 1806:55 Frosty: It's showing fumes. Page 4 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case Buddy: But it's showing a thousand pounds or better. 1807:00 Rod: I don't think it's in there. Frosty: It's showing three thousand, isn't it? Buddy: Okay, it's, it's a... 1807:06 Rod: It's flamed out! 1807:12 Buddy: (To Tower) United one seven three would like clearance for an approach into two eight left, now. 1807:17 Tower: United one seventy three heavy, ok, roll out heading zero one zero - be a vector to the visual runway two eight left and ah, you can report when you have the airport in sight suitable for a visual approach. Buddy: Very well. 1807:27 Frosty: We're going to lose engine number three in a minute, too. It's showing zero Buddy: You got a thousand pounds, you got to. Frosty: Five thousand in there, Buddy, but we lost it. Buddy: All right. 1807:38 Frosty: Are you getting it back? 1807:40 Rod: No, number four, you got that crossfeed open? Frosty: No, I haven't got it open, which one? 1807:42 Buddy: Open 'em both, get some fuel in there. Got some pressure? Frosty: Yes, sir. 1807:48 Buddy: Rotation, now she's coming. Okay, watch engine one and two. We're showing down to zero or a thousand. On number one? Frosty: Right. 1808:11 Buddy: Well, open all four crossfeeds. Frosty: All four Buddy: Yeah. 1808:14 Rod: All right now, it's coming. 1808:19 Rod: It's going to be tough on approach, though. Page 5 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case 1808:42 Buddy: You gotta keep 'em running, Frosty. Frosty: Yes, sir. 1808:45 Rod: Get this baby on the ground. Frosty: Yeah, it's not showing very much more fuel. 1809:16 Frosty: We're down to one. Number two is empty. 1809:21 Buddy: (To Tower) United one seven three is going to turn toward the airport and come on in. 1809:21 Tower: Okay, now you want to do it on a visual is that what you want? 1809:32 Buddy: Yeah. 1809:33 Tower: Okay, United one seventy three heavy, ah, turn left heading three six zero. 1810:17 Buddy: Ah, reset that circuit breaker momentarily, see if we get gear lights. 1810:24 Buddy: Yeah, the nose gear's down. Frosty: Off. Buddy: Yeah. About time you give that brace position (to the passengers). Frosty: You say now. Buddy: No, no but when you do push that circuit breaker in. 1810:43 Frosty: Yes, sir. 1810:59 Frosty: Boy, that fuel sure went to hell all of a sudden, I told you we had four...(interrupted by Buddy) Buddy: There's ah, kind of an interstate highway type thing along that bank on the river in case we're short. That's the airport over there... it's about six of one, half a dozen of the other. 1812:22 Rod: Let's take the shortest route to the airport. 1812:42 Buddy: (To Tower) What's our flying distance now? 1812:45 Tower: Twelve flying miles. Buddy: Okay. 1812:52 Buddy: (To crew) About three minutes...four. 1813:21 Frosty: We've lost two engines, guys. Rod: Sir? Page 6 of 7MGT 5250 United 173 Mini-Case 1813:25 Frosty: We just lost two engines, one and two. 1813:28 Rod: You got all the pumps on and everything. Frosty: Yep. 1813:29 Tower: United one seventy three heavy contact Portland tower one one eight point seven, you're about eight or niner flying miles from the airport. Rod: Okay, eighteen seven. Tower: Have a good one. 1813:38 Buddy: They're all going. We can't make the airport. 1813:43 Rod: We can't make anything. 1813:46 Buddy: Okay, declare a mayday. 1813:50 Rod: Portland tower United one seventy three heavy Mayday, we're, the engines are flaming out, we're going down, we're not going to be able to make the airport. 1813:58 Tower: United one...(impact, tape ends). Source: National Transportation Safety Board, Aircraft Accident Report, United Airlines, INC. McdonnellDouglas, DC-8-61, NTSB-AAR-79-7 (retrieved from: http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR7907.pdf) Page 7 of 7