Chapter Outlines answered please.

CHAPTER 15:Making Waves

Chapter Outline

1. Wave pulses and periodic waves.How do wave pulses travel along a spring or rope? What distinguishes a longitudinal pulse from a transverse pulse? How are wave pulses related to longer periodic waves?
2. Waves on a rope.What are the general features of a simple wave traveling on a rope? How are the wave's properties of frequency, period, wavelength, and speed related to one another? What factors influence the wave speed?
3. Interference and standing waves.What happens when two or more waves combine? What do we mean by interference? What is a standing wave, and how is it produced?
4. Sound waves. What are sound waves? How are they produced? How do the musical properties of pitch and harmonics relate to the wave properties of sound?

CHAPTER 16:Light Waves and Color

Chapter Outline

1. Electromagnetic waves.What are electromagnetic waves and how are they produced? What is light? In what ways are radio waves and light waves alike, and how do they differ?
2. Wavelength and color.How is color related to wavelength? How do we perceive color? How do the processes of selective reflection, absorption, and scattering determine the colors we see? Why is the sky blue?
3. Interference of light waves.How did Young's double-slit interference experiment demonstrate that light is a wave? What is thin-film interference? How can we explain the interference colors we see on oil slicks and other thin films?
4. Diffraction and gratings.What is diffraction? How does diffraction limit our ability to see fine detail? What are diffraction gratings, and how are they used to measure wavelengths?
5. Polarized light.What is polarized light? How is polarization produced and how can we tell whether light is polarized?

CHAPTER 17:Light and Image Formation

Chapter Outline

1. Reflection and image formation.What is the relationship between rays and waves? What is the law of reflection, and how are images formed by a plane mirror?
2. Refraction of light.How does the law of refraction describe the bending of light rays when they pass from one medium to another? How can we explain the separation of colors by a prism?
3. Lenses and image formation.How can the law of refraction explain image formation by simple lenses? How do positive lenses differ from negative lenses?
4. Focusing light with curved mirrors.How can curved mirrors be used to focus light? How do concave mirrors differ from convex mirrors in their image-forming properties?

CHAPTER 18:The Structure of the Atom

Chapter Outline

1. The existence of atoms: Evidence from chemistry.What information does the study of chemical reactions offer about the existence and nature of atoms? How was the periodic table of the elements developed?
2. Cathode rays, electrons, and X-rays.How are cathode rays produced, and what are they? How did the study of cathode rays lead to the discovery of the electron and of X-rays?
3. Radioactivity and the discovery of the nucleus.How was natural radioactivity discovered, and what is it? What role did natural radioactivity play in the discovery of the nucleus of the atom?
4. Atomic spectra and the Bohr model of the atom.What are atomic spectra? What role did they play in understanding atomic structure? What are the basic features of Bohr's model of the atom?
5. Particle waves and quantum mechanics.What were the limitations of the Bohr model, and how does the theory of quantum mechanics address these problems? What do we mean when we say that particles have wave properties?