Chapters 1 - 10: What Does Extreme World Poverty Look Like? 15 Points Possible "Global poverty is one of the very worst problems that the world faces today (https:/ /ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty). With a variety of definitions of what "poverty" actually means, the main source of "official" statistics related to poverty around the world comes from the World Bank, which is a part of the United Nations. Individuals living in "Extreme Poverty" include those who live on less than $1.90 per day (in International Dollars), as defined by the World Bank. This is currently (as of 17 April 2022) equal to $2.05 USD. Per day. That comes out to $748.25 a year in USD. The data we are going to work first will be the proportion of individuals in each country living below the extreme poverty line. Each value is therefore a percentage of the total population. We will also work with something called the "poverty gap index," which measures "the fraction of the poverty line that people are missing, on average, to escape poverty". Be aware that "the fact that the World Bank poverty estimates are only imperfect approximations does not mean that these are meaningless or useless numbers-it means that they should be used as one more source of information to assess living standards" (https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty#what-are-the-main-limitations- of-world-bank-poverty-estimates). Page 1Chapter 1: Collecting Data Knowing how extreme poverty is measured, which of the four types of studies introduced in Chapter 1 do you believe the World Bank used to collect their data (circle one, 1 / 2 point)? Also indicate why you chose that type of study (1 / 2 point). SAMPLE SURVEY CENSUS OBSERVATIONAL STUDY EXPERIMENT Why did you choose that type? Experiment Chapters 2 b 9: The Data Set + Percent Change For each of the 12 countries in the table below, calculate the percent change in extreme poverty twice. First, calculate the percent change from 1989 to 2019. Then, calculate the percent change from 1999 to 2019. Enter your answers in the extra columns in the table. Use one decimal place for each answer after you convert to a percentage (4 points). Before you do your calculations, respond to the following questions about the data set (1 point): (a) Who or what are the individuals? (b) What are the 3 variables listed for each individual? 1. 2. 3. Page2 Austria 0.07 0.07 0.47 Bhutan 19.85 7.77 010 Canada 0.22 0.37 0.25 Greece 1.18 0.54 0.12 Kenya 10.89 1 1 .69 9.32 Morocco 0.81 1.31 0.10 Peru 2.62 6.84 0.55 Romania 0.27 0.89 0.76 South Korea 0.37 0.2 1 0.03 Turkey 0.67 0.29 0.05 United States 0.34 0.52 0.85 Vietnam 22.91 8.78 0.2 5 Respond to the following questions to explore percent change a bit more. (a) For how many of these 12 countries are the two percent change values equal (compare the two values for each country, not different countries)? (1 / 2 point)? countries (b) If you were a government ofcial in Romania, which percent change value would you prefer the world see (1/2 point)? 19892019 199920 19 Why? Either one is ne (c) If you were a government ofcial in the United States, which percent change would you prefer the world see (1 / 2 point)? 19892019 1999-2019 Either one is ne Why? (d) Based on your responses to (a) through (e), do you think it matters which two years we compare when presenting percent change (1 point)? YES, it matters NO, it doesn't matter Why or why not? (e) Four countries in this data set (a random set of 12 countries) have positive percent changes (Romania, Austria, Canada, 85 United States). The rest are negative. Write out one question this raises for you (1 point). Chapter 10: Time Series] Line Graphs The line graph below shows two trends for the poverty gap index from 1981 - 2019. The top line is the average for all countries around the world. The bottom line is for the United States only. Use this graph to respond to the following questions: (a) What is the overall trend for the poverty gap around the world (1/2 point)? (b) What is the overall trend for the poverty gap in the United States (1 / 2 point)? (e) Do you see any striking deviations for either line? If so, discuss them here (1/2 point). (d) Write out one question the comparison between these two lines raises for you (1 point). Poverty gap index at 1.90 int.-$ per day, 1981 to 2019 - The poverty gap index is the mean shnrtrnu rrom the poverty line counting the nonrpoor as having zero shortfall, and expressed as a percentage of the poverty line, 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% World 2% W United States 0% 1981 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 Suture World Bank PovciiNL-i cc av Source: https://ourworldindatatorg/extreme-pouerty Final Thought: For any given year in this line graph, the United States could say, \"We are doing better than the rest of the world in combatting poverty.\" List three responses you have for that statement. These can be either questions or statements based on what you have seen in this case study (3 points). 1) 2) 3) '1; g