Charlene Chandler, the general manager of Lee Manufacturing Inc. has become increasingly concerned, over the past six months, about the profitability of the company's high volume product, the Gadget.The market for the Gadget is extremely competitive, so cost control is extremely important in order for the Gadget to retain its profitability. Complicating matters for Charlene is the fact that sales volume of 46,000 units was 15% higher than forecasted in the original (master) budget, yet profitability was about 25% below the amount projected amount.

Charlene has asked you to help her clarify her understanding of the cost control issues facing the company.She provides you with the information presented in Exhibits one, two and three.

Charlene provided you with some other information that she had obtained from the production manager.She informs you that the actual labour cost for the month was $715,000 which provided a favourable labour rate variance of $13,000.Both the variable and the fixed overhead were distributed to work-in process inventory using machine hours as the cost driver.Actual overhead costs for the month of May were $2,235,000, of which $750,000 was attributable to fixed overhead costs. Machine hour usage was 600 hours below what was expected for the level of production achieved in the month.

The only information that Charlene had not received was on the use of material in the production process.She had tried to determine the material efficiency (usage) variance herself, and calculated an unfavourable variance of $ 213,000."It looks to me like the use of material in the production department is the main reason for our lack of profitability, if my calculations are correct", said Charlene."We need to look into this problem immediately."

Exhibit One

Original (Master) Budget information for the Month of May

Sales revenue

$3,600,000

Variable costs

Direct materials

960,000

Direct labour

560,000

Variable overhead

1,248,000

Total variable costs

2,768,000

Contribution

832,000

Fixed overhead

600,000

Gross margin

$232,000

Exhibit Two

Standard Cost Rate Card

Direct materials,3 kg per unit @ $8.00 per kilogram

$24.00

Direct labour,0.5 hours per unit @ $28.00 per hour

14.00

Variable overhead, 0.6 machine hours @ $52.00 per machine hour

31.20

Fixed overhead, 0.6 machine hours @ $25.00 per hour

15.00

$84.20

Question 1 (continued)

Exhibit Three

Information for May

Raw materials inventory, May 1

$0.00

Raw materials inventory, May 31

$24,000

Material purchased in May

150,000 kg.

Actual cost of the material purchases

$1,260,000

Units produced in May as a % of original budget

115%

Required:

1.What volume of production was expected to be produced and sold in the month of May, based on the original master budget? (2 marks)

2.What was the denominator level of activity that was used to determine the standard cost per machine hour for the fixed overhead? (2 marks)

3.Calculate the following variances: (4 marks)

a.Labour rate variance

b.Labour efficiency variance

4.Calculate the following variances: (4 marks)

a.Variable overhead rate (spending) variance

b.Variable overhead efficiency variance

5.Calculate the following variances: (4 marks)

a.Fixed overhead rate (spending) variance

b.Production volume variance

6.Calculate the material price variance (2 marks)

7.Charlene Chandler calculated the material efficiency (usage) variance. Do you agree with her calculation?Explain why. If you do not agree with her calculation, re-calculate the variance and explain why Charlene's calculation was not correct. (4 marks)

My questions is if required 1 is: 46,000 actual sales units x (1-0.15)= 39,100 budgeted sales units. On the solution provided by the teacher, she got 40,000 but I do not know how did he get that number.