Charles is a single person, age 35, with no dependents. In 2020, Charles has gross income of $75,000 from his sole proprietorship. Charles also incurs $80,000 of deductible business expenses in connection with his proprietorship. He has interest and dividend income of $22,000. Charles has $7,000 of itemized deductions. Charles taxable income is

a) $4,600

b) $10,000

c) $17,000

d) none of the above