Charlie is employed as a licensed valuer with a large auction business. He is paid an annual salary of $90,000 and provided with additional benefits as follows by his employer: 1. Provision of a car. Charlie was provided with the car for the period 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023. The leased car value was $58,000 on 1 April 2022, and the car had only been leased for a year at that time. A logbook kept in the previous FBT year showed that his private use was 47%. The running costs of the vehicle for the period 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023, excluding any depreciation and interest, but including lease payments were $16,200. Charlie is required to contribute $2,000 per annum towards these running costs. 

2. Provision of an Apple iPhone as Charlie is usually out of the office doing valuations and needs a good phone to do his job. Charlie estimates that he uses the phone 60% for work purposes. The phone was purchased on 1 August 2021 for $1,500 (including GST) and provided to Charlie on the same day. His telephone bills are paid by his employer and these amounted to $2,400 for the current FBT year.

3. Provision of a loan of $100,000 on 1 May 2022 at an interest rate of 2.0%. The loan was used by Charlie to purchase a new home for himself and his family. On 1 December 2022, Charlie made a principal repayment of $10,000 on the loan. 

4. Provision of a weekend stay in Sydney valued at $1,000 which included flights to the value of $300, meals to the value of $200, and accommodation to the value of $500, as a Christmas gift in December 2022. 

Required

(a) With reference to relevant legal authority, advise Charlie's employer as to the FBT consequences of providing the benefits above, including calculating any FBT liability for the FBT year ended 31 March 2023. 

(b) Would your response differ if the loan was used 50% to purchase a residential investment property? Explain and calculate the FBT if used for this purpose.