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Annotated Bibliography

Edelman, Hope. Motherless daughters: The legacy of loss. Da Capo Press, 2014.

This is a primary source, and it explains the experiences that motherless children undergo and the psychological and emotional exile throughout their lives. In the beginning, there are several examples of women who have lost their mothers at certain points in their lives. These examples are essential to the understanding of how they adapt to living without their mothers. Edelman noted that motherless daughters experiences a sense isolation, tend to be hyper-independent but sometimes seek to find nurturing elsewhere even though they do not know how to receive it. They are often unable to ask for help and are sometimes braced for rejection. It can also affect their future relationship with the child because they experience emotional exile. The book is qualitative in nature and explores the psychological effect of losing a mother. It is published is found in EBSCOhost which is an online academic database used by various researchers while identifying credible material to refer. This source is valuable because it explores the different dimensions of being motherless at different stages of a woman’s life.

Kincaid, Jamaica. The Autobiography of My Mother: A Novel. Macmillan, 1996.

This is another primary source. It involves a personal narration about the experiences a woman undergoes after her mother died in childbirth. Xuela’s father departs and only gets back after seven years. Thus, Xuela spends her life with people who are less emotionally attached to her. She experiences emotional exile that later affects her even at an adult age when she considers having her family. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the psychological and emotional exile that motherless daughters undergo throughout their lives and how they adapt to the condition. It is a qualitative source because it is a creative fictional writing. The source is credible because the writer produced several playwrights and other publications including The Autobiography of My Mother. This source will contribute immensely to the analysis of the psychological and emotional exile of being motherless.

“Psychological.” Thesaurus.com. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition. Philip Lief Group 2009 accessed: May 17, 2017).

This is a tertiary source. The goal of searching for the synonym of the word “psychological” is to find other words that might provide understanding and illustrate the issue in question. Some of the synonyms of the word psychological include mental, cognitive, psychical and subjective. The source is considered valid because Philip Lief Group has specialized in providing word synonyms through online media that have been trusted by various academic sources. It is a quantitative source because we can carry out a statistical analysis of the various ways in which we can present the issue. Therefore, it is easy to examine alternatives to the word and use them to provide an explanation on the topic.

"Exile". Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition. Philip Lief Group 2009. accessed: May 17, 2017).

This is also considered a tertiary source. The synonym to the word “exile” include exclusion, separation, banishment, dispersion, and migration. The synonyms offer the opportunity of looking at the issue of emotion in a variety of ways. Taking separation, for example, we get to understand that motherless daughters are indeed separated from friends, and the environment and their interaction are limited. The source is valid because Philip Lief Group has been the best online media through which synonyms can be obtained. Through the use of the synonym, we can examine alternatives of the word and use them to provide an explanation on the topic.

Pascual, Donna Maltezo Cardenas. The Lifetime Effect of a Mother's Death in a Motherless Daughter. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014.

This is a secondary source that seeks to examine the effect of losing a mother at an early age on mothering a child later upon giving birth. The author uses her experience to show the experiences she undergoes as a result of losing her mother. The source is qualitative in nature because it involves interviewing of seven women who suffered the death of their mothers and have given birth to their children. The effect of the experience of motherhood shows that they are determined to be independent, feels that they lack support, fears to die at an early age, and experiences fear of loss. Overcoming these issues determines the relationship a mother will have with her children. There is a loss of attachment because of the emotional exile felt after losing a mother. The source is credible since it has been obtained from a reliable database. This source gives a different dimension to the analysis of the psychological and emotional exile experienced by motherless daughters.

Mireault, Gina C., Toni Thomas, and Kimberly Bearor. "Maternal identity among motherless mothers and psychological symptoms in their firstborn children." Journal of Child and Family Studies 11.3 (2002): 287-297.

This is another secondary source. It examines the psychological health of the first-born children whose mothers became motherless at one point in their life. It was found that the maternal identity of the women is affected by the parental loss. There was significantly lower maternal identity for motherless mothers. This supports the topic because it comes out that these mothers experience psychological as well as an emotional exile. It a trusted source because it is a scientific research carried out by professionals in the field of clinical psychology. It has also been obtained from a reliable database. It is a quantitative source because it involves statistical analysis performed to investigate the effects associated with parental loss. Thus, it can provide a different view on the topic.

Atrash, Hani K. "Parents' death and its implications for child survival." Revista brasileira de crescimento e desenvolvimento humano 21.3 (2011): 759.

This is also a secondary source. It is a study that was carried out by healthcare professionals who wanted to find out the implication of a parent’s death on child survival. The study was based on the idea that the inability of one or both parents to take care of their children due to divorce, illness, death or separation poses a risk of death to the children. Indeed, through literature review and the study, it was found that the death of the mother is more detrimental to a child compares to the death of the father. This is connected to the topic because it shows the impacts of being motherless on women. It is a quantitative source because there is different statistical analysis to find out whether there are significant effects of on children as a result of being born from motherless mothers. The source can also be trusted because it is obtained from a reliable academic database.