Chemical Engineering Problem: The radiant flux from the Sun is 3.90 x 10^26W. a.) What is the irradiance at the outermost visible layer of the Sun, which is located at a distance of 7 x 10^8m from the centre of the Sun? (b) Calculate the equivalent blackbody temperature of the outermost visible layer of the Sun. c) If the average irradiance from the Sun incident on a surface perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the solar beam at the TOA is 1,368W m-2 (called the solar constant), what is the solar energy (in W m-2) at the TOA when averaged over the whole surface of the globe? (Ignore the thickness of the atmosphere compared to the radius of the Earth.)