Chi-Square and Goodness of Fit

This SPSS exercise illustrates the one-sample chi-square test based on the postpartum depression example.

Emma created a data files with 60 cases to represent the 60 women. Each woman was measured on a single variable, status. The scores are -1 more depressed before birth, 0 = same amount of depression before and after birth, and 1 = more depressed after birth.

The research question can be phrased in two different ways: Are women equally likely to show an increase, no change, or a decrease in depression as a function of childbirth? Or Are the proportions associated with a decrease, no change, and an increase in depression from before to after childbirth the same?

Answer the following questions and include your SPSS results in your submitted document.

1. Answer the research questions using your statistical results. 2. Explain your answers.

Postpartum Depression Observed N Expected N Residual less depressed 14 20.0 -6.0 Test Statistics same 33 20.0 13.0 more depressed 13 20.0 -7.0 Postpartum Depression Total 60 Chi-Square 12.700 df 2 Asymp. Sig. .002 a. O cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 20.0.