Choose the correct answer from the following multiple choice questions:

i$.$ If the project team and organizational officials reassess the project after each subsequent SDLC phase to determine if the business conditions have changed or if a more detailed understanding of a system$$s costs, benefits, and risks suggest that the project is not as worthy as previously thought, they are:

a$)$ adhering to the incremental commitment principle

b$)$ overly cautious

c$)$ using a CASE methodology

d$)$ adhering to a bottom$-$up commitment principle

ii$.$ An advantage in using a bottom$-$up versus a top$-$down approach to software testing is that:

a$)$ Interface errors are detected earlier.

b$)$ Confidence in the system is achieved earlier.

c$)$ Errors in critical modules are detected earlier.

d$)$ Major functions and processing are tested earlier.

iii. A new system can be made more user$-$friendly by:

a$)$ Using Formal Planning Tools.

b$)$ Improving the End$-$User Interface.

c$)$ An Organizational Impact Analysis.

d$)$ Allowing Flexible Changeover.

iv$.$ Which of the following is an advantage of the bottom$-$up planning approach?

a$)$ By using the bottom$-$up approach, a broader perspective can be achieved.

b$)$ IS plans can be created faster and are less costly to develop than using the top$-$down approach.

c$)$ By using the bottom$-$up approach, planners may gain the understanding necessary to implement information systems across the entire business.

d$)$ By using the bottom$-$up approach, planners will have sufficient management acceptance of the role of information systems in helping them achieve business objectives.

v$.$ Potential development projects can be identified by:

a$)$ a steering committee

b$)$ top management

c$)$ a senior IS manager

d$)$ all of the above