Chris and Kelly are married and file a joint return for 2017. Kelly does not work, so she is eligible for a spousal IRA. Their AGI is $135,000. Chris is an active participant in a qualified plan. A deductible contribution of $5,500 may be made for Kelly because the AGI is below the applicable phase-out range for her ($186,000-$196,000). Chris may not make a deductible contribution because the AGI is above the phase-out range for him ($99,000-$119,000). What are Chris' options as far as making an IRA contribution for 2017?

	a.	Chris may make a $5,500 Non-deductible contribution to a Traditional IRA or he may make a $5,500 Roth contribution because their AGI is below the Roth contribution phase-out. He could also contribute some to each, with $5,500 as the overall total contributed.
	b.	Chris may not make a contribution to a Traditional IRA. He may make a $5,500 Roth contribution because their AGI is below the Roth contribution phase-out.
	c.	Chris is not eligible to make a contribution to either a Traditional or a Roth IRA.
	d.	Chris may make a $5,500 Non-deductible contribution to a Traditional IRA. He is not eligible for a Roth because he is an active participant.

Cheri established her Roth IRA in 2011. She is 48 years old. She wants to withdraw the entire amount in the Roth. Will she be taxed on the withdrawal?

		a. No. Roth withdrawals are not taxable because the contributions were not deductible when made.
		b. There will be a tax and penalty on the withdrawn earnings in the account because Cheri is under age 59 1/2.
		c. There will be tax and penalty on the entire withdrawal.
		d. The entire withdrawal will be included in Cheri's gross income for the year because she is not 59 1/2. There will be a penalty on the earnings withdrawn.