CIA Review, Incorporated, provides review courses twice each year for students studying to take the CIA exam. The cost of textbooks is included in the registration fee. Text material requires constant updating and is useful for only one course. To minimize printing costs and ensure availability of books on the first day of class, CIA Review has books printed and delivered to its offices two weeks in advance of the first class. To ensure that enough books are available, CIA Review normally orders $10$ percent more than expected enrollment. Usually there is an oversupply and books are thrown away. However, demand occasionally exceeds expectations by more than $10$ percent and there are too few books available for student use. CIA Review has been forced to turn away students because of a lack of textbooks. CIA Review expects to enroll approximately $300$ students per course. The tuition fee is $$2,500$ per student. The cost of teachers is $$48,000$ per course, textbooks cost $$160$ each, and other operating expenses are estimated to be $$75,000$ per course. Assume all financial statements data are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Required

a$.$ Prepare an income statement, assuming that $300$ students enroll in a course. Determine the cost of waste associated with unused books.

b$-1.$ Prepare an income statement, assuming that $360$ students attempt to enroll in the course, but $30$ students are turned away because of too few textbooks.

b$-2.$ Prepare an income statement, assuming that $360$ students attempt to enroll in the course, with all being accepted.

b$-3.$ Determine the amount of lost profit resulting from the inability to serve the $30$ additional students.

c$.$ Suppose that textbooks can be produced through a high$-$speed copying process that permits delivery just in time for class to start. The cost of books made using this process, however, is $$170$ each. Assume that all books must be made using the same production process. In other words, CIA Review cannot order some of the books using the regular copy process and the rest using the high$-$speed process. Prepare an income statement under the JIT system assuming that $300$ students enroll in a course.

d$-1.$ Assume the same facts as in Requirement c with respect to a JIT system that enables immediate delivery of books at a cost of $$170$ each. Prepare an income statement under the JIT system, assuming that $360$ students enroll in a course.

d$-2.$ Which system results in higher income?