Circuit court rulings are considered an important mechanism for dispute resolutions. For example, the Ninth Circuit is considered very liberal compared with its Fourth Circuit counterpart. However, Broscheid (2011) argues that such differences are not necessarily bad for the U.S. judicial system, and merely reflect the socioeconomic and political cultures of the regions. Following the footsteps of the political scientists and legal scholars, accounting and finance researchers have also put considerable effort into understanding the effects of these ideological differences among circuit on firm financial outcomes.

Discuss ideology theory in Chapter 3 relying on below reference at least Al-Hadi, A., & Habib, A. (2023). Consequences of state-level regulations in accounting, finance, and corporate governance: A review. Advances in Accounting, 60, 100630. At least 3 theories.

Discuss at least TWO measures for measuring Social norm.