City Hospital, a taxpaying entity, estimates that it can save $33,000 a year in cash operating costs for the next 8 years if it buys a special-purpose eye testing machine at a cost of $140,000. No terminal disposal value is expected. City Hospital's required rate of return is 14%. Assume all cash flow occurs at year-end except for initial investment amounts. City Hospital uses straight-line depreciation. The income tax is 31% for all transactions that affect income taxes. Requirement 1. Calculate the following for the special purpose eye testing machine: Net present value (NPR) The net present value is $