ck to Assignment Attempts Keep the Highest/7 12. Comparing ANOVA and the t test for an independent-measures hypothesis test Suzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University's School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in which parents started a half- hour walk with their infants in a parent-facing or an away-facing stroller and then switched to the other type of stroller midway. Her results suggest that parents talked less to the babies, the babies had higher heart rates, and they were less likely to fall asleep in away-facing strollers than in parent- facing strollers. You are interested in testing the hypothesis that babies who travel in parent-facing strollers have different receptive vocabularies than babies who travel in away-facing strollers. You randomly assign 17 newborns to parent-facing strollers and 17 newborns to away-facing strollers. You then test the babies' receptive vocabularies at age 24 months using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), which is designed primarily to assess children's receptive vocabulary. The sample means and sums of squares of the scores for each of the groups are presented in the following table. F Distribution Numerator Degrees Freedom 26 Denominator Degrees of Freedom-26 Group Away-facing Parent-facing Sample Mean 95.1 104.9 Sum of Squares 1,971.36 2,460.16 You decide to use an ANOVA at a 0.05 to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The ANOVA table follows. Calculate the F-ratio and enter it into the table. ANOVA Table Source of Variation Between Treatments Sum of Squares Degrees of Freedom 816.34 1 Within Treatments Total 4,431.52 5,247.86 32 33 Mean Square 816.34 138.49 F critical critical at a = 0.05 is 5000 5000 0.00 1.00 1.000 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 F Now evaluate the null hypothesis that the population means for all treatments are equal. At a significance level of a = 0.05, the null hypothesis is . You find that you conclude that the direction that the stroller faces influences a child's receptive vocabulary at 24 months. Use the Distributions tool that follows to find Faritical critical at a significance level of a = 0.05, the value of F that bounds the critical region for the F-ratio test statistic. (Note: Do not use the t-tables. In some cases, when the degrees of freedom are not exact, they do not provide answers with enough precision for this exercise.) Now you decide to use a t test to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the groups. The estimated standard error (SMI-M2 M1-M2) is 4.04, so the t test statistic is Use the following tool to find the critical regions for a 0.05. The critical t-scores (the values for t-scores that separate the tails from the main body of the distribution, forming the critical regions) are Now use the tool to evaluate the null hypothesis. At a significance level of a = 0.05, the null hypothesis is conclude that the direction the stroller faces influences a child's receptive vocabulary at 24 months. You find that you When you evaluated the mean difference from the independent-measures study comparing only two samples, the ANOVA and the t test resulted in conclusion. Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving