Clarissa and Stephanie are both undergraduate Monash commerce students. Clarissa believes that the school should have a sophisticated system to punish students who violate the ethics protocol (e.g., cheating in exam) and this system should be maintained at all costs to guarantee students ethical conducts. Stephanie, however, believes that being an ethical Monash student means being a good member of the student community, and students should consider their self-perception as well as others expectations of them when making an ethical decision. Which moral developmental stages are Clarissa and Stephanie at?

Select one: a. Clarissa: Universal ethical principles, Stephanie: social contract and individual rights b. Clarissa: instrumental morality, Stephanie: heteronomous morality c. Clarissa: social system conscience, Stephanie: relationship focused morality d. Clarissa: social system conscience, Stephanie: social contract and individual rights e. Clarissa: instrumental morality, Stephanie: relationship focused morality