Cloud computing delivers services such as databases, software, networking, and servers using the internet (Jamsheela & Hameed, 2019). The following are some recent trends.

1.Mobile cloud-computing

Computing is the integration of cloud computing with mobile devices to provide computational power, memory, and storage to mobile devices (Taleb & Mohamed, 2020).

2.Quantum computing

According to Taleb & Mohamed (2020), service providers are trying to transform the cloud computing industry through quantum computing which use the laws of quantum mechanics to solve complex issues (p.95).

3.Autonomation

The increasing use of cloud computing requires more administrative tasks, and autonomation helps simplify the repetitive, time-consuming administrative tasks (Taleb & Mohamed, 2020).

Edge computing is the technology that aims at bringing the internet closer to the end users by combining several technologies, including cloud computing, grid computing, and IoT (Deshpande & Kulkarni, 2021). Below are the common edge computing trends.

1.Spending is rising in tandem with data generation.

The increasing adoption of IoT across industries, exponentially increasing data volumes and network traffic, and rising demand for low-latency processing and real-time, automated decision-making solutions are driving the growth of edge computing (Pratt, 2021).

2.Importance of Virtual Radio Access Networks (vRAN) in edge computing.

According to Haff (2021), a radio access network is in charge of enabling, and connecting devices to a mobile network, such as smartphones or internet of things (IoT) devices become an emerging trend in edge computing.

3.5 G technology

Expansion of 5 G coverage enhances the speed and the capacity of networks. Hence, organizations are expected to leverage both the low latency of edge computing and the speed of 5G to create next-generation workloads and new use cases (Pratt, 2021).

Fog computing is a decentralized concept that, unlike cloud computing, does not rely solely on a central component (Naha et al., 2018). According to Naha et al. (2018), Fog computing allows overcoming the high latency problem associated with cloud computing by using idle resources of variable devices available near the users (p.47981). Below are recent fog computing trends.

1.Use in mobile big data analytics

In situations where the bulk data cannot be stored in the cloud, fog computing is beneficial as it is much closer to the end devices and help to eliminate negative impacts in data transfer (Prakash et al., 2017).

2.Use in smart utility services

Real-time data update is essential to stay updated, and fog computing saves money, time, and energy in analyzing daily appliances (Prakash et al., 2017).

3.Use in health data transferring

Prakash et al. (2017) state that fog computing can transfer healthcare data between hospitals with security and integrity. Medical labs can use the fog nodes to update real-time patient lab records, which other hospitals can easily access.

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