Collins is a project manager who oversees a team of seven people. At first, he was confused by the behavior of the members of his team because their behavior did not follow the Tuckman Five$-$Stage model. He noticed that team members would often debate changes, argue over metrics, and switch roles, while still performing at an exceedingly high level. Collins researches this phenomenon and discovers another theory that explains that teams tend to function in a relatively stable way until there is a dramatic, unexpected change. Collins is learning about $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

a$.$

Informal politicking

b$.$

Norming

c$.$

Self$-$managed teams

d$.$

Goal setting

e$.$

Storming

f$.$

Punctuated equilibrium