Collins Limited estimated the future cash outflows over the next three years relating to settlement of warranty obligations would be as follows:

1 year from now: $20 000

2 years from now: $38 000

3 years from now: $45 000

Collins Limited calculates that the present value of the total expected future cash outflow, using a discount rate of 8%, is:

$ 86 820

$ 88 301

$ 95 370

$103 000