Collyer Products Inc. has a Valve Division that manufactures and sells a standard valve as follows:

Capacity in units		160,000
Selling price to outside customers on the intermediate market		$ 20
Variable costs per unit		$ 12
Fixed costs per unit (based on capacity)		$ 9

The company has a Pump Division that could use this valve in the manufacture of one of its pumps. The Pump Division is currently purchasing 16,000 valves per year from an overseas supplier at a cost of $19 per valve.

Required:

1.	Assume that the Valve Division has ample idle capacity to handle all of the Pump Division's needs. What is the acceptable range, if any, for the transfer price between the two divisions?

2.

Assume that the Valve Division is selling all that it can produce to outside customers on the intermediate market. What is the acceptable range, if any, for the transfer price between the two divisions?

3.

Assume again that the Valve Division is selling all that it can produce to outside customers on the intermediate market. Also assume that $2 in variable expenses can be avoided on transfers within the company, due to reduced selling costs. What is the acceptable range, if any, for the transfer price between the two divisions?

4.

Assume the Pump Division needs 40,000 special high-pressure valves per year. The Valve Division's variable costs to manufacture and ship the special valve would be $10 per unit. To produce these special valves, the Valve Division would have to reduce its production and sales of regular valves from 160,000 units per year to 80,000 units per year. As far as the Valve Division is concerned, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)