(Common stock valuation) Assume the following: the investor's required rate of return is 15 percent, the expected level of earnings at the end of this year (E,) is $8, the retention ratio is 30 percent, the return on equity (ROE) is 16 percent (that is, it can eam 16 percent on reinvested earnings), and similar shares of stock sell at multiples of 6.863 times eamings per share. Questions: a. Determine the expected growth rate for dividends b. Determine the price eamings ratio (PIE) c. What is the stock price using the P/E ratio valuation method? d. What is the stock price using the dividend discount model? e. What would happen to the P/E ratio (PIE) and stock price if the company increased its retention rate to 65 percent (holding all else constant)? What would happen to the P/E ratio (PYE) and stock price if the company paid out all its earnings in the form of dividends? f. What have you leamed about the relationship between the retention rate and the P/E ratios?