Company ZC decided to substantially alter the job scope and description of all middle managers. Over the holiday season at the end of the current year, the company informed the managers that the changes would be instituted at the start of the new year. After the new year, HR reported a decline in productivity, job satisfaction, and morale. Company ZC committed which error according to Lewin's change theory:

Failure to start with a pilot project

Failure to allow managers an unfreeze transition period to understand changes

Failure to account for the refreeze transition period for mangers to embrace changes

Failure to wait until after the holiday season to change