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Mastery Problem: Financial Statement Analysis Liquidity and Solvency Measures Your friend, another accountant, has bet you that with your knowledge of accounting and just the computations for common analytical measures, you can figure out many aspects of a company's financial statements. You take the bet! Match each computation to one of the liquidity and solvency measures in the table. (Hint: Begin by looking for simple computations and identifying the amounts in those computations. Look for other measures that use those amounts.) Liquidity and Solvency Measures Computations Working capital $3,095,000 - $900,000 Current ratio $3,095,000 = $900,000 Quick ratio $1,866,000 - $900,000 Accounts receivable turnover $8,260,000 = [($714,000 + $740,000) = 2] [($714,000 + $740,000) = 2] = ($8,260,000 = 365) Number of days' sales in receivables Inventory turnover Number of days' sales in inventory $4,100,000 = [($1,072,000 + $1,100,000) = 2] [($1,072,000 + $1,100,000) = 2] = ($4,100,000 = 365) $2,690,000 = $1,690,000 Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities Ratio of liabilities to stockholders' equity $2,590,000+ $4,019,000 Times interest earned ($976,800 + $127,000) = $127,000 Balance Sheet Use the following balance sheet form to enter amounts you identify from the computations on the Liquidity and Solvency Measures part. You will identify other amounts for the balance sheet on the Profitability Measures part. If you have a choice of two amounts, assume the first amount in the ratio is for the end of the year. Compute any missing amounts. Balance Sheet December 31, 2016 Assets Current assets: Cash $823,000 Marketable securities 329,000 Accounts receivable (net) 714,000 Inventory 1,072,000 Prepaid expenses 157,000 Total current assets 3,095,000 Long-term investments 824,000 Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,690,000 Total assets 6,609,000 Liabilities Current liabilities 900,000 Long-term liabilities 1,690,000 Total liabilities 2,590,000 Stockholders' Equity Preferred stock, $10 par 487,500 Common stock, $5 par 1,250,000 Retained earnings 2,281,500 Total stockholders' equity 4,019,000 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 6,609,000 Feedback Profitability Measures Match each computation to one of the profitability measures in the table. Profitability Measures Asset turnover Computations $8,260,000 = [($5,785,000 + $5,595,000) = 2] ($791,340 + $127,000) = [($6,609,000 + $6,419,000) = 2] $791,340 = [($4,019,000 + $3,818,050) = 2] Return on total assets Return on stockholders' equity Return on common stockholders' equity ($791,340 - $65,000) = [($3,531,500 + $3,390,240) = 2] Earnings per share on common stock ($791,340 - $65,000) + 250,000 shares Price-earnings ratio $35 = $3.05 Dividends per share $175,000 - 250,000 shares Dividend yield $0.70 $35 Comparative Income Statement Use the following comparative income statement form to enter amounts you identify from the computations on the Liquidity and Solvency Measures part and on the Profitability Measures part. Compute any missing amounts and complete the horizontal analysis columns. Enter percentages as decimal amounts, rounded to one decimal place. When rounding, look only at the figure to the right of one decimal place. If 5, round up. For example, for 32.048% enter 32.0%. For 32.058% enter 32.1%. Comparative Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31, 20Y6 and 2045 Increase/(Decrease) 2046 2045 Amount Percentage Sales 8,260,000 $7,267,000 $ 993,000 13.7 % Cost of goods sold 4,100,000 (3,444,000) 656,000 19.0 % Gross profit 4,160,000 $3,823,000 337,000 8.8 % Selling expenses $(1,453,200) 364,000 25.0 % Administrative expenses (1,239,000) (1,103,000) 136,000 12.3 % Total operating expenses $(2,556,200) 500,000 V 19.6 % Operating income $ $1,266,800 163,000 -12.9 % Other expense (interest) (120,600) 6,400 5.3 % Income before income tax expense $1,146,200 $ -169,400 -14.8 % Income tax expense (179,460) 6,000 3.3 % Net income $966,740 175,400 18.1 %
