Question
Compose an argument to break one Greek and one Roman will [wills]. This is the Greek Will: In the 40th year of the reign of
Compose an argument to break one Greek and one Roman will ["wills"].
This is the Greek Will: "In the 40th year of the reign of Ptolemy, the month Gorpiaeus, Menelaus son of Lagus being priest. Contract and agreement. Dionysius, Temnian, has made this testamentary pact with his wife Callista, Temnian. Should aught happen to Dionysius, he shall leave all his property to Callista and she shall be owner of all the property so long as she lives. Should aught happen to Callista while Dionysius is alive, Dionysius shall be owner of the property; and should aught happen to Dionysius, he shall leave the property to all his sons. In like manner Callista, should aught happen to her, shall leave the property to all the sons, except the portions which Bacchius, Heracleides and Metrodorus may receive from Dionysius and Callista for their labours in the lifetime of their father and mother; but if Bacchius, Heracleides and Metrodorus are married and settled, the property of Dionysius and Callista shall be shared in common by all the sons. If in their lifetime Dionysius or Callista is in need or in debt, all the sons in common shall support them and contribute to pay their debts. If any one of them refuses to support them or contribute or does not help to bury them, he shall forfeit 1000drachmasof silver and there shall be right of execution on him who is insubordinate and does not act in the manner stated. If Dionysius or Callista leaves any debt, it shall be permissible for their sons not to take up the inheritance if they do not wish to after the death of Dionysius and Callista. This contract shall be valid in every respect wherever it is produced, as if the compact had been made there. They have of their own free will placed the contract in the keeping of Heraclitus. Witnesses Polycrates,Arcadian; Androsthenes, Coan; Numenius, Cretan; Simonides, Maronean; Lysis and Heraclitus, Temnians"
This is the Roman will: "The 19th year of the Emperor Caesar Titus Aelius HadrianusAntoninusAugustus Pius, the 30th of the monthGermaniceus, atOxyrhynchusin theThebaid; for good fortune. This is the will made in the by me Acusilaus son of Dius son of Dionysius also called Acusilaus and of Dionysia daughter of Theon, of the city of Oxyrhynchus, being sensible and in my right mind. So long as I survive I am to have power over my property, to make whatever disposition I choose and to alter and revoke the present will, and whatever disposition I make shall be valid. But if I die leaving the present will, I set free under the sanction ofZeus, Earth and Sun, for their goodwill and affection, my slaves Psenamounis also called Ammonius and Hermas and Apollonous also called Demetria and her daughter Diogenis and another slave of mine called Diogenis. I bequeath to my wife and cousin Aristous also called Apollonarion daughter of Heracleides son of Dionysius also called Acusilaus and of Herais daughter of Alexander, being well disposed and showing all faithfulness towards me, whatever I may leave in the way of furniture, utensils, objects of gold, clothing, ornaments, wheat, pulse, crops, all my household stock, and debts owed to me, recorded and unrecorded. I leave my son Dius by my aforesaid wife Aristous also called Apollonarion, if he lives, and if not, his children, heir to all the property that I leave and to my other slaves and the future offspring of the aforesaid female slaves, of all which things my said wife Aristous also called Apollonarion shall have the use and entire income, after payment of the taxes, for the term of her life, together with the service and the earnings of the slaves who are to be freed after my death. My said wife shall supply to my son Dius every month at Oxyrhynchus for his sustenance and other expenses twoartabasof wheat by the measure used for payment . . . and 60drachmas, and for clothing 200drachmasyearly. My said wife Aristous also called Apollonarion shall have the right to sell and mortgage on her own authority anything she chooses out of the property and slaves bequeathed to my son Dius and to use for her personal requirements the money accruing from the sale or mortgage. My said wife Aristous also called Apollonarion shall pay all the debts which I shall be found to owe. My wife, and after her death my son Dius, shall give to my slaves and freedmen for a feast which they shall hold beside my tomb every year on my birthday 100 silverdrachmaswherewith to furnish it. Anything that I append to the officially returned copy of the will, whether cancelling or supplementing or making bequests to other persons or with any other purpose, shall also be valid as if contained in the actual will; beyond this no one shall have any power at all to infringe it, and the party who infringes it shall forfeit to the party who abides by it the damages and a penalty of 2 silvertalentsand to the Treasury the like sum, the above provisions remaining none the less valid. This will is valid. I, the aforesaid Acusilaus son of Dius, have made this will, the whole body of which is in my own writing, with all the above provisions. I am 48 years of age, with a scar on the right foot, and my seal is an image of Thonis. (Certified) I, Didymus son of Onnophis also called Chaeremon son of Herodes, of Oxyrhynchus, one of the witnesses to the above will, have recognized my seal being an imprint of aHermes, and I sealed with the said seal. I, Asclepiades son of Eudaemon son of Asclepiades, of Oxyrhynchus, another of the witnesses to the above will, have recognized my seal being an imprint of aSarapis, and I sealed with the said seal. I, Didymus son of Didymus son of Enthesmos,agoranomusof Oxyrhynchus, another of the witnesses to the said will, have recognized my seal being an imprint of anApollo, and I sealed with the said seal. I, Asclepiades son of Asclepiades son of Pausirion of the said city, have recognized my seal being an imprint of aHeracles, and I sealed with the said seal."
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