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Compute and Interpret Coverage, Liquidity and Solvency Ratios Selected balance sheet and income statement information from Amazon for 2016 through 2018 follows. S millions 2018

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Compute and Interpret Coverage, Liquidity and Solvency Ratios Selected balance sheet and income statement information from Amazon for 2016 through 2018 follows. S millions 2018 2017 2016 Net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) $10,429 $3,061 $2,428 Net income 9,569 2,881 2,252 Operating profit 11,800 3,901 3,977 Interest expense 1,275 763 436 Cash from operating activities 29,187 17.447 16,343 Current assets 71,346 57,187 43,492 Current liabilities 61,552 52,095 39,434 Cash and cash equivalents 30,163 19,496 18,367 Marketable securities 9,025 9,941 6,315 Total debt 21.146 22,269 6,925 Assets 154,516 124,745 79,232 Llabilities 107,189 93,241 57,705 Equity 39.194 24,938 17,357 Net operating assets (NOA) 23,215 19,319 898 a. Compute profitability measures RNOA and ROE for 2018 and 2017. In which year are the measures stronger? Round answers to one decimal place (ex: 0.2345 = 23.5%). 2018 2017 RNOA 09 09 ROE 09 0 % b. Compute coverage metrics Times interest earned and Cash from operating activities to total debt for 2018 and 2017 Round answers to two decimal places. 2018 2017 0 Times interest earned Cash from operating activities to total debt 0 0 0 c. Determine liquidity for the company for 2018 and 2017 by computing the current ratio and quick ratio, Round answers to two decimal places. 2018 2017 Current ratio Quick ratio 0 0 0 0 d. Compute the Total liabilities-to-equity ratio and the Total debt to equity ratio for 2018 and 2017 Round answers to two decimal places. 2018 2017 0 Total abilities to equity Total debt to equity 0 0 0

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