Computer Information Services is a computer software consulting company. Its three major functional areas are computer programming, information systems consulting, and software training. Carol Birch, a pricing analyst in the Accounting Department, has been asked to develop total costs for the functional areas. These costs will be used as a guide in pricing a new contract. In computing these costs, Birch is considering three different methods of allocating overhead costs-the direct method, the step method, and the reciprocal method. Birch assembled the following data on overhead from its two service departments, information systems and facilities:

Service Departments Production Departments

Info Systems Facilities Computer Programming Info Systems Consulting Software Training Total

Budgeted overhead (base) $90,000 $32,000 $170,000 $193,000 $134,000 $619,000

Information systems (computer hours) 1,000 500 1,000 2,500 5,000

Facilities (sqaure feet) 200 600 600 600 2,000

1. Use computer usage time as the allocation base for information systems department and square feet of floor space as the application base for facilities department, apply overhead for these service departments to the production departments, using these three methods:

a. Direct method

b. Step method (both for information systems department going first and for the facilities department going first).

c. Reciprocal method.