Conflicts of Interest Oxy Corp is negotiating with Wick Construction Co for the renovation of Oxy's corporate headquarters Wick, the owner of Wick Construction Co , is also one of the five members of Oxy's board of directors The contract terms are standard for this type of contract Wick has previously informed two of the other directors of his interest in the construction company Oxy's board approves the contract by a three to two vote, with Wick voting with the majority Discuss whether this contract is binding on the corporation Duty of Loyalty Peter hires Alice as an agent to sell a piece of property he owns The price is to be at least $30,000 Alice discovers that the fair market value of Peter's property is actually at least $45,000 and could be higher because a shopping mall is going to be built nearby Alice forms a real estate partnership with her cousin Carl Then she prepares for Peter's signature a contract for the sale of the property to Carl for $32,000 Peter signs the contract Just before closing and passage of title, Peter learns about the shopping mall and the increased fair market value of his property Peter refuses to deed the property to Carl Carl claims that Alice, as Peter's agent, solicited a price above that agreed on when the agency was created and that the contract is therefore binding and enforceable Discuss fully whether Peter is bound to this contract Employee versus Independent Contractor Stephen Hemmerling was a driver for the Happy Cab Company Hemmerling paid certain fixed expenses and followed various rules relating to the use of the cab, the hours that could be worked, and the solicitation of fares, among other things Rates were set by the state Happy Cab did not withhold taxes from Hemmerling's pay While driving the cab, Hemmerling was injured in an accident and filed a claim for workers' compensation benefits in a state court Such benefits are not available to independent contractors On what basis might the court hold that Hemmerling was an employee Agency Relationships Jane Westmas was killed when a tree branch cut by Creekside Tree Service, Inc , fell on her At the time, Jane was walking on a public path through the private property of Conference Point Center on the shore of Lake Geneva in Wisconsin Conference Point had contracted with Creekside to trim and remove trees from its property, but the owner had no control of the details of Creekside's work Jane's husband, John, and her son, Jason, filed a suit in a Wisconsin state court against Creekside, alleging that the service's negligence caused her death Creekside contended that it was immune from the suit under a state statute providing that no agent of an owner is liable for the death of a person engaging in a recreational activity on the owner's property Could Creekside be held liable for Jane's death Why or why not Wrongful Discharge Denton and Carlo were employed at an appliance plant Their job required them to perform occasional maintenance work while standing on a wire mesh twenty feet above the plant floor Other employees had fallen through the mesh, and one of them had been killed by the fall When their supervisor told them to perform tasks that would likely involve walking on the mesh, Denton and Carlo refused because they feared they might suffer bodily injury or death Because they refused to do the requested work, the two employees were fired from their jobs Was their discharge wrongful If so, under what federal employment law To what federal agency or department should they turn for assistance Exceptions to the Employment at Will Doctrine Li Li worked for Packard Bioscience, and Mark Schmeizl was her supervisor Schmeizl told Li to call Packard's competitors, pretend to be a potential customer, and request pricing information and literature Li refused to perform the assignment She told Schmeizl that she thought the work was illegal and recommended that he contact Packard's legal department Although a lawyer recommended against the practice, Schmeizl insisted that Li perform the calls Moreover, he later wrote negative performance reviews because she was unable to get the requested information when she called competitors and identified herself as a Packard employee Several months later, Li was terminated on Schmeizl's recommendation Can Li bring a claim for wrongful discharge Why or why not Title VII Violations Discuss fully whether either of the following actions would constitute a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as amended (See Title VII of the Civil Rights Act ) (a) Tennington, Inc , is a consulting firm with ten employees These employees travel on consulting jobs in seven states Tennington has an employment record of hiring only white males (b) Novo Films is making a movie about Africa and needs to employ approximately one hundred extras for this picture To hire these extras, Novo advertises in all major newspapers in Southern California The ad states that only African Americans need apply Business Case Problem with Sample Answer Sexual Harassment Jamel Blanton was a male employee at a Pizza Hut restaurant operated by Newton Associates, Inc , in San Antonio, Texas Blanton was subjected to sexual and racial harassment by the general manager, who was female Newton had a clear, straightforward antidiscrimination policy and complaint procedure The policy provided that in such a situation, an employee should complain to the harasser's supervisor Blanton alerted a shift leader and an assistant manager about the harassment, but they were subordinate to the general manager and did not report the harassment to higher level management When Blanton finally complained to a manager with authority over the general manager, the employer investigated and fired the general manager within four days Blanton filed a suit in a federal district court against Newton, seeking to impose liability on the employer for the general manager's actions What is Newton's best defense Discuss Unfair Labor Practices Consolidated Stores is undergoing a unionization campaign Prior to the union election, management states that the union is unnecessary to protect workers Management also provides bonuses and wage increases to the workers during this period The employees reject the union Union organizers protest that the wage increases during the election campaign unfairly prejudiced the vote Should these wage increases be regarded as an unfair labor practice Antitrust Laws Allitron, Inc , and Donovan, Ltd , are interstate competitors selling similar appliances, principally in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio Allitron and Donovan agree that Allitron will no longer sell in Indiana and Ohio and that Donovan will no longer sell in Illinois and Kentucky Have Allitron and Donovan violated any antitrust laws If so, which law Explain Price Fixing Together, EMI, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group Recordings, Inc , and Warner Music Group Corporation produced, licensed, and distributed 80 percent of the digital music sold in the United States The companies formed MusicNet to sell music to online services that sold the songs to consumers MusicNet required all of the services to sell the songs at the same price and subject to the same restrictions Digitization of music became cheaper, but MusicNet did not change its prices Did MusicNet violate the antitrust laws Explain Business Case Problem with Sample Answer Price Discrimination Dayton Superior Corporation sells its products in interstate commerce to several companies, including Spa Steel Products, Inc The purchasers often compete directly with each other for customers For three years, one of Spa Steel's customers purchased Dayton Superior's products from two of Spa Steel's competitors According to the customer, Spa Steel's prices were always 10 to 15 percent higher for the same products As a result, Spa Steel lost sales to at least that customer and perhaps others Spa Steel wants to sue Dayton Superior for price discrimination Which requirements for such a claim under Section 2 of the Clayton Act does Spa Steel satisfy What additional facts will it need to prove Section 1 of the Sherman Act The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) set a new standard for non wood baseball bats Their goal was to ensure that aluminum and composite bats performed like wood bats in order to enhance player safety and reduce technology driven home runs and other big hits Marucci Sports, LLC, makes non wood bats Under the new standard, four of Marucci's eleven products were decertified for use in high school and collegiate games Marucci filed suit against the NCAA and the NFHS under Section 1 of the Sherman Act At trial, Marucci's evidence focused on injury to its own business Did the NCAA and NFHS's standard restrain trade in violation of the Sherman Act Explain Registration Requirements Estrada Hermanos, Inc , a corporation incorporated and doing business in Florida, decides to sell $1 million worth of its common stock to the public The stock will be sold only within the state of Florida Jos Estrada, the chair of the board, says the offering need not be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission His brother, Gustavo, disagrees Who is right Explain Insider Trading David Gain was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Forest Media Corporation, which became interested in acquiring RS Communications, Inc To initiate negotiations, Gain met with RS's CEO, Gill Raz, on Friday, July 12 Two days later, Gain phoned his brother Mark, who bought 3,800 shares of RS stock on the following Monday Mark discussed the deal with their father, Jordan, who bought 20,000 RS shares on Thursday On July 25, the day before the RS bid was due, Gain phoned his parents' home, and Mark bought another 3,200 RS shares The same routine was followed over the next few days, with Gain periodically phoning Mark or Jordan, both of whom continued to buy RS shares Forest's bid was refused, but on August 5, RS announced its merger with another company The price of RS stock rose 30 percent, increasing the value of Mark's and Jordan's shares by $664,024 and $412,875, respectively Did Gain engage in insider trading What is required to impose sanctions for this offense Could a court hold Gain liable Why or why not

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Conflicts of Interest. Oxy Corp. is negotiating with Wick Construction Co. for the renovation of Oxy's corporate headquarters. Wick, the owner of Wick Construction Co.,

Conflicts of Interest. Oxy Corp. is negotiating with Wick Construction Co. for the renovation of Oxy's corporate headquarters. Wick, the owner of Wick Construction Co., is also one of the five members of Oxy's board of directors. The contract terms are standard for this type of contract. Wick has previously informed two of the other directors of his interest in the construction company. Oxy's board approves the contract by a three-to-two vote, with Wick voting with the majority.Discuss whether this contract is binding on the corporation.
Duty of Loyalty. Peter hires Alice as an agent to sell a piece of property he owns. The price is to be at least $30,000. Alice discovers that the fair market value of Peter's property is actually at least $45,000 and could be higher because a shopping mall is going to be built nearby. Alice forms a real estate partnership with her cousin Carl. Then she prepares for Peter's signature a contract for the sale of the property to Carl for $32,000. Peter signs the contract. Just before closing and passage of title, Peter learns about the shopping mall and the increased fair market value of his property. Peter refuses to deed the property to Carl. Carl claims that Alice, as Peter's agent, solicited a price above that agreed on when the agency was created and that the contract is therefore binding and enforceable.Discuss fully whether Peter is bound to this contract.
Employee versus Independent Contractor. Stephen Hemmerling was a driver for the Happy Cab Company. Hemmerling paid certain fixed expenses and followed various rules relating to the use of the cab, the hours that could be worked, and the solicitation of fares, among other things. Rates were set by the state. Happy Cab did not withhold taxes from Hemmerling's pay. While driving the cab, Hemmerling was injured in an accident and filed a claim for workers' compensation benefits in a state court. Such benefits are not available to independent contractors. On what basis might the court hold that Hemmerling was an employee?
Agency Relationships. Jane Westmas was killed when a tree branch cut by Creekside Tree Service, Inc., fell on her. At the time, Jane was walking on a public path through the private property of Conference Point Center on the shore of Lake Geneva in Wisconsin. Conference Point had contracted with Creekside to trim and remove trees from its property, but the owner had no control of the details of Creekside's work. Jane's husband, John, and her son, Jason, filed a suit in a Wisconsin state court against Creekside, alleging that the service's negligence caused her death. Creekside contended that it was immune from the suit under a state statute providing that "no . . . agent of an owner is liable for the death of . . . a person engaging in a recreational activity on the owner's property." Could Creekside be held liable for Jane's death? Why or why not?
Wrongful Discharge. Denton and Carlo were employed at an appliance plant. Their job required them to perform occasional maintenance work while standing on a wire mesh twenty feet above the plant floor. Other employees had fallen through the mesh, and one of them had been killed by the fall. When their supervisor told them to perform tasks that would likely involve walking on the mesh, Denton and Carlo refused because they feared they might suffer bodily injury or death. Because they refused to do the requested work, the two employees were fired from their jobs. Was their discharge wrongful? If so, under what federal employment law? To what federal agency or department should they turn for assistance?
Exceptions to the Employment-at-Will Doctrine. Li Li worked for Packard Bioscience, and Mark Schmeizl was her supervisor. Schmeizl told Li to call Packard's competitors, pretend to be a potential customer, and request "pricing information and literature." Li refused to perform the assignment. She told Schmeizl that she thought the work was illegal and recommended that he contact Packard's legal department. Although a lawyer recommended against the practice, Schmeizl insisted that Li perform the calls. Moreover, he later wrote negative performance reviews because she was unable to get the requested information when she called competitors and identified herself as a Packard employee. Several months later, Li was terminated on Schmeizl's recommendation. Can Li bring a claim for wrongful discharge?Why or why not?
Title VII Violations. Discuss fully whether either of the following actions would constitute a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as amended. (See Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.) (a) Tennington, Inc., is a consulting firm with ten employees. These employees travel on consulting jobs in seven states. Tennington has an employment record of hiring only white males. (b) Novo Films is making a movie about Africa and needs to employ approximately one hundred extras for this picture. To hire these extras, Novo advertises in all major newspapers in Southern California.The ad states that only African Americans need apply.
Business Case Problem with Sample Answer Sexual Harassment. Jamel Blanton was a male employee at a Pizza Hut restaurant operated by Newton Associates, Inc., in San Antonio, Texas. Blanton was subjected to sexual and racial harassment by the general manager, who was female. Newton had a clear, straightforward antidiscrimination policy and complaint procedure. The policy provided that in such a situation, an employee should complain to the harasser's supervisor. Blanton alerted a shift leader and an assistant manager about the harassment, but they were subordinate to the general manager and did not report the harassment to higher-level management. When Blanton finally complained to a manager with authority over the general manager, the employer investigated and fired the general manager within four days. Blanton filed a suit in a federal district court against Newton, seeking to impose liability on the employer for the general manager's actions.What is Newton's best defense? Discuss.
Unfair Labor Practices. Consolidated Stores is undergoing a unionization campaign. Prior to the union election, management states that the union is unnecessary to protect workers. Management also provides bonuses and wage increases to the workers during this period. The employees reject the union. Union organizers protest that the wage increases during the election campaign unfairly prejudiced the vote. Should these wage increases be regarded as an unfair labor practice?
Antitrust Laws. Allitron, Inc., and Donovan, Ltd., are interstate competitors selling similar appliances, principally in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio. Allitron and Donovan agree that Allitron will no longer sell in Indiana and Ohio and that Donovan will no longer sell in Illinois and Kentucky. Have Allitron and Donovan violated any antitrust laws? If so, which law?Explain.
Price Fixing. Together, EMI, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group Recordings, Inc., and Warner Music Group Corporation produced, licensed, and distributed 80 percent of the digital music sold in the United States. The companies formed MusicNet to sell music to online services that sold the songs to consumers. MusicNet required all of the services to sell the songs at the same price and subject to the same restrictions. Digitization of music became cheaper, but MusicNet did not change its prices.Did MusicNet violate the antitrust laws? Explain.
Business Case Problem with Sample Answer Price Discrimination. Dayton Superior Corporation sells its products in interstate commerce to several companies, including Spa Steel Products, Inc. The purchasers often compete directly with each other for customers. For three years, one of Spa Steel's customers purchased Dayton Superior's products from two of Spa Steel's competitors. According to the customer, Spa Steel's prices were always 10 to 15 percent higher for the same products. As a result, Spa Steel lost sales to at least that customer and perhaps others. Spa Steel wants to sue Dayton Superior for price discrimination. Which requirements for such a claim under Section 2 of the Clayton Act does Spa Steel satisfy?What additional facts will it need to prove?
Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) set a new standard for non-wood baseball bats. Their goal was to ensure that aluminum and composite bats performed like wood bats in order to enhance player safety and reduce technology-driven home runs and other big hits. Marucci Sports, LLC, makes non-wood bats. Under the new standard, four of Marucci's eleven products were decertified for use in high school and collegiate games. Marucci filed suit against the NCAA and the NFHS under Section 1 of the Sherman Act. At trial, Marucci's evidence focused on injury to its own business. Did the NCAA and NFHS's standard restrain trade in violation of the Sherman Act?Explain.
Registration Requirements. Estrada Hermanos, Inc., a corporation incorporated and doing business in Florida, decides to sell $1 million worth of its common stock to the public. The stock will be sold only within the state of Florida. Jos Estrada, the chair of the board, says the offering need not be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.His brother, Gustavo, disagrees. Who is right? Explain
Insider Trading. David Gain was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Forest Media Corporation, which became interested in acquiring RS Communications, Inc. To initiate negotiations, Gain met with RS's CEO, Gill Raz, on Friday, July 12. Two days later, Gain phoned his brother Mark, who bought 3,800 shares of RS stock on the following Monday. Mark discussed the deal with their father, Jordan, who bought 20,000 RS shares on Thursday. On July 25, the day before the RS bid was due, Gain phoned his parents' home, and Mark bought another 3,200 RS shares. The same routine was followed over the next few days, with Gain periodically phoning Mark or Jordan, both of whom continued to buy RS shares. Forest's bid was refused, but on August 5, RS announced its merger with another company. The price of RS stock rose 30 percent, increasing the value of Mark's and Jordan's shares by $664,024 and $412,875, respectively. Did Gain engage in insider trading? What is required to impose sanctions for this offense? Could a court hold Gain liable? Why or why not?