Consider a $10,000 machine that will reduce pretax operating costs by $3,000 per year over a 5-year period. Assume no changes in net working capital and a salvage value of zero. Further assume straight-line depreciation to zero, a marginal tax rate of 34%, and a required return of 10%. The project NPV is: $83 $449 O $689 O $827 O $1,235