Consider a 2-level hierarchical memory system (i.e., cache and main memory). Assume the following parameters:

• Cache access time: T₁ = 5 nanoseconds (ns)
• Memory access time: T₂ = 30 ns
• Cache hit rate: H₁ = 0.90

1.

1. What is the average memory access time?

2. Determine the memory access efficiency?