Consider a large plane wall of thickness L and thermal conductivity k in space. The wall is covered with white porcelain tiles that have an emissivity of & and a solar absorptivity a. The inner surface of the wall is maintained at T1 at all times, while the outer surface is exposed to solar radiation that is incident at a rate of q". The outer surface is also losing heat by radiation to surrounding temperature of Tsur. Determine the temperature of the outer surface of the wall and the rate of heat transfer through the wall when steady operating conditions are reached. What if no solar radiation is incident on the surface? Plane wall Conduction Radiation Space