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Consider a pipeline in a processor that has 4 stages: (1) instruction fetch and decode - 120 ns (2) calculate and fetch operand address
Consider a pipeline in a processor that has 4 stages: (1) instruction fetch and decode - 120 ns (2) calculate and fetch operand address - 90 ns (3) instruction execution - 40 ns and (4) write result operand - 75 ns. The times required in each stage are shown following the name of the stage. For example, the instruction fetch and decode stage requires 120 ns to complete. Assume that every instruction in the instruction set requires the use of all stages of the pipeline. Also assume that the stages of the pipeline are clocked with a common clock. (i) (ii) Identify the execution time of a 7000-instruction program without pipelining. Since all stages of the pipeline are clocked with a single clock, interpret the fastest frequency of the clock for this pipeline. (iii) Identify the execution time of a 10000-instruction program with pipelining (Assume there are no hazards occurring in the pipeline). (iv) Assume that the following sequence of instructions is executed by the processor: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 with a data hazard between 14 and 15 and a memory resource hazard between Il and 13. Using Table Q3(a), write the instruction that resides in the calculate and fetch operand address, instruction execution and write result operand stages of the pipeline for each period (from T1 to T10) taking into consideration the delay required to correct the data hazard between 14 and 15 and the memory resource hazard between Il and 13.
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