Consider a sequential trade market like in Glosten and Milgrom (1985). The asset valueVcan take only two values,0and1, with equal probability0:5. In the market, half of the traders are informed and half are noise. Noise traders buy or sell with equal probability (and never decide not to trade). Informed traders receive a symmetric binary signal with precisionq= 0:8(i.e.,Pr(st= 1|V= 1) = Pr(st= 0|V= 0) = 0.8) and maximize expected profits.

a. Find the bid price that the market maker will set at time1.

b. Suppose in the rst two trading times there are two sell orders. Will the ask at time3be higher, lower or equal to the bid at time2? And how will it compare to the ask at time1?

c. Suppose informed traders are risk averse rather than risk neutral. How do the bid and ask prices at time1compare to those computed under risk neutral- ity? You do not need to provide a numerical answer but a careful explanation.

d. Suppose traders could buy or sell any quantity of the asset at each timet. What quantity would traders buy or sell if the market maker posted the same bid and ask prices you found in point a? How would you change the model to allow for trades of dierent size?