Consider a$$ three$-$firm supply chain consisting of a$$ retailer, manufacturer, and supplier. The$$ retailer's demand over an$8-$week period was $110$ units each of the first $2$ weeks, $210$ units each of the second $2$ weeks, $280$ units each of the third $2$ weeks, and $420$ units each of the fourth $2$ weeks. The following table presents the orders placed by each firm in the supply chain.$$ Notice, as is often the case in supply chains due to economies of$$ scale, that total units are the same in each$$ case, but firms further up the supply chain$($away from the$$ retailer$)$ place$$ larger, less$$ frequent, orders.

Week Retailer Manufacturer Supplier

$1110220640$

$211000$

$32104200$

$421000$

$52805601,400$

$628000$

$74208400$

$842000$

a$)$ What is the bullwhip measure for the$$ retailer?

b$)$ What is the bullwhip measure for the$$ manufacturer?

c$)$ What is the bullwhip measure for the$$ supplier?

d$)$ What conclusions can you draw regarding the impact that economies of scale may have on the bullwhip$$ effect? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

A$.$Larger, less frequent orders imply a larger variance of orders.

B$.$Larger, less frequent orders imply a smaller variance of orders.

C$.$The effect of increasing variance of orders with the less frequent orders could be reduced via channel coordination by determining lot sizes.

D$.$The effect of decreasing variance of orders with the less frequent orders could be reduced via channel coordination by determining lot sizes.