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Consider an individual firm competing in a market with many other producers. Assume this firm faces a conventional production technology. The short-run production function has

Consider an individual firm competing in a market with many other producers. Assume this firm faces a conventional production technology. The short-run production function has a small range of increasing marginal product (increasing marginal returns) and then is subject to the Law of Diminishing Marginal Product (diminishing marginal returns).

  • Putting quantity q on the horizontal axis and dollars $ on the vertical axis, depict four important curves: Average Fixed Cost (AFC), Average Variable Costs (AVC), Average Total Costs (ATC), and Marginal Cost (MC).
  • For this question, assume the individual producers in this industry have no control over prices; they must accept the exogenously given price, P0.On a graph containing the four curves MC, AFC, AVC, and ATC, depict the profit-maximizing output for this firm under the assumption that the exogenously given price of P0 is sufficiently high to allow the producer to arrive at an optimal output, q0, that results in positive profits.
  • Graphically indicate the size of the profits for this firm at the exogenously determined price of P0.
  • Finally, consider a new shock to the market. This new shock has pushed prices down to a new level, P1. Again, the firm cannot change this market-determined price.
  • Graphically show this new profit-maximizing output q1 for this firm given that (a) it has negative profits in this outcome and (b) it does not choose to shut down. Show and label all relevant curves, price P1, and the new equilibrium output q1.

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